Month: December 2020

How do you initialize a dictionary in python?

Initialize a Python Dictionary

1. Use the Literal Syntax to Initialize a Dictionary in Python.
2. Use the dict() Constructor to Initialize a Python Dictionary.
3. Use the fromkeys() Method to Initialize a Python Dictionary.
4. Use a List of Tuples to Initialize a Python Dictionary.
5. Use Two Lists to Initialize a Python Dictionary.

How do you initialize a dictionary?

Dictionaries are also initialized using the curly braces {} , and the key-value pairs are declared using the key:value syntax. You can also initialize an empty dictionary by using the in-built dict function. Empty dictionaries can also be initialized by simply using empty curly braces.

How do you initialize an empty dictionary?

1. In Python to create an empty dictionary, we can assign no elements in curly brackets {}.
2. We can also create an empty dictionary by using the dict() method it is a built-in function in Python and takes no arguments.

How do you create an empty dictionary in python?

Dictionary can also be created by the built-in function dict(). An empty dictionary can be created by just placing to curly braces{}.

How do you initialize a dictionary by default value?

If you want to initialize all keys in the dictionary with some default value, you can use the fromkeys() function. If no default value is specified, the dictionary is initialized with all values as None .

How do you check if a dictionary is empty in Python?

# Checking if a dictionary is empty by checking its length empty_dict = {} if len(empty_dict) == 0: print(‘This dictionary is empty! ‘) else: print(‘This dictionary is not empty! ‘) # Returns: This dictionary is empty!

Why do we create empty dictionary in Python?

An empty dictionary is a dictionary that contains no items (no key:value pairs). You may create an empty dictionary if you want a user to populate the dictionary. For example, you create an empty dictionary and then receive input from a user and then populate the dictionary based on the user input.

How do you initialize a string in Python?

To initialize an empty string in Python, Just create a variable and don’t assign any character or even no space. This means assigning “” to a variable to initialize an empty string.

Do you need to initialize a list in Python?

As mentioned above, in Python, you can easily add and remove elements from a list, so in most cases, it is not necessary to initialize the list in advance.

What is key error Python?

A Python KeyError exception is what is raised when you try to access a key that isn’t in a dictionary ( dict ). Python’s official documentation says that the KeyError is raised when a mapping key is accessed and isn’t found in the mapping. A mapping is a data structure that maps one set of values to another.

How to initialize nested dictionaries in Python?

What are nested dictionaries?

How to convert a file into a dictionary in Python?

Given the following data in a text file the task is to convert it into a Python dict having the command names as the keys and the command descriptions as the values. commands.txt

How to create and initialize list of lists in Python?

Initializing list using square brackets. We can initialize lists with empty square brackets[]while declaring the lists.

How do I declare a dictionary in Python?

The curly brackets ({}) are used to declare any dictionary variable. The dictionary contains a unique key value as an index and each key represents a particular value. The third brackets ([]) are to read the value of any particular key. Another data type exists in Python to store multiple data which is called List.

What is the meaning of wood joint?

A joint formed by two boards, timbers, or sheets of wood that are held together by nails, fasteners, pegs, or glue.

What are wood joints used for?

Wood joints are a traditional method of joining timber. There are a range of different joints that can be used for different situations that provide a variety of levels of strength and structure. Joints are often glued to make them secure and permanent.

What is an unstressed wood joint?

Stressed = subject to dynamic load. Things like chairs, tables, anything you’re likely to dowel or mortise and tenon for extra strength. Unstressed = mainly decorative or carrying small static loads (to a point, shelves carrying heavy loads could be considered stressed).

What does joinery mean in construction?

In its simplest definition, joinery is the method by which two or more pieces of wood are connected. Joinery can involve simple gluing, nailing, or screwing of the two pieces of wood but it can be as complicated as using very intricate joints.

How many wood joints are there?

13 Types of Wood Joints.

What is carpenter glue?

Aliphatic resin, also known as “carpenter’s glue” and “yellow glue,” is a synthetic adhesive (in this case, an aliphatic compound) with a light yellow color and creamy texture used most frequently to bond together pieces of wood.

What is wood or carpenter’s glue made of?

Polyvinyl acetate (PVA)
Polyvinyl acetate (PVA) glue is the most common type of wood glue. This type includes typical white and yellow glues, or what are commonly called “carpenter’s glue.” Iit can be used for many – but not all – projects. Hide glue is made from animal products.

What is the difference between carpentry and joinery?

You can usually distinguish between it and joinery by remembering that joinery work tends to focus more on the creation of wooden components, whereas carpentry involves fitting these components or using them in some way to create something else, like a roof truss.

What are woodworking joints?

To join one or two pieces of wood together, we make use of woodworking joints. Woodworking joints or joinery, both traditional and non-traditional have been around for centuries, thousands of years ago, and till this day, we still make use of them.

What is a butt joint in woodworking?

Butt Joint A butt joint is the simplest woodworking joint you can make. But it’s also the weakest. It’s simply joining two pieces of wood by butting the ends together. With this joint, the end grain of one piece of wood is butted directly to the edge grain of another piece of wood.

What is a slot joint in woodworking?

With this joint, a slot is cut across the face grain of one piece of wood, just the size of the end grain of the other piece to be joined with it. The end grain of the second piece of wood slots right into the slot or dado to complete the joint. 4. Lap Joint

What are Japanese wood joints?

Japanese wood joints, also known as kumiki, build traditional Japanese houses. In this technology, the grooved wood pieces are joined together to create a sturdy tree dimensional structure. The history of Japanese joinery goes back to Heian Period when temples and dwelling houses were built using this technology.

What are 5 facts about the Southern Ocean?

Southern Ocean Facts for Kids

• Ocean Name: Southern Ocean.
• Location: Surrounds Antarctica.
• Average Depth: 10,872 feet.
• Total Surface Area: 8.4 million mi2
• Total Coastline: 11,164 miles.
• Total Volume of Water: 17.2 million mi3

What are 2 interesting facts about the Southern Ocean?

Here are some fun (and sometimes shocking) Southern Ocean facts for kids.

• The Southern Ocean’s largest resident, the blue whale, can eat up to eight tons of its favorite food every day.
• The Southern Ocean covers roughly 6% of the earth’s surface.
• On average, the Southern Ocean is approximately 11,000 feet deep.

What is special about the Southern Ocean?

The Geology And Hydrology Of The Southern Ocean Is Unique The Southern Ocean formed about 30 million years ago after South America and Antarctica separated and opened up the Drake Passage making the Southern Ocean the youngest of all the world’s oceans in geological scale.

What did the Southern Ocean used to be called?

the Antarctic Ocean
The Southern Ocean, also known as the South Polar Ocean (and formerly the Antarctic Ocean), is the body of water encircling the continent of Antarctica.

What are 3 interesting facts about the Pacific Ocean?

10 Interesting Facts about the Pacific Ocean

• #1 The Pacific Ocean was named by Ferdinand Magellan.
• #2 The Pacific Ocean is shrinking.
• #3 The first European to discover the Pacific Ocean was Vasco Núñez de Balboa.
• #4 The deepest point in the Pacific Ocean is in the Mariana Trench.

How cold does the Southern Ocean get?

The temperature in the Southern Ocean is anywhere from -2 to 10°C or 28 to 50°F. The difference in temperature between the ice and the ocean often results in intense storms that make their way eastward around Antarctica. The strongest winds on Earth are found from the latitude of 40° S to the Antarctic Circle.

Is the Southern Ocean warm or cold?

The Southern Ocean is the coldest and windiest ocean on Earth. It is covered by the 1-2 meters of ice-sheet spreading up to 4 kilometers with sea temperatures varying -2 °C to 10 °C and with the average temperatures of 2-4°C.

How old is the Southern Ocean?

This current, estimated to be approximately 34 million years old, is what makes the ecology of the Southern Ocean so distinct, providing a unique habitat for thousands of species, National Geographic said in its magazine. The ocean also serves as a vital component of Earth’s changing climate.

How cold is the Southern Ocean?

28 to 50°F.
The temperature in the Southern Ocean is anywhere from -2 to 10°C or 28 to 50°F. The difference in temperature between the ice and the ocean often results in intense storms that make their way eastward around Antarctica. The strongest winds on Earth are found from the latitude of 40° S to the Antarctic Circle.

Can you swim in the Southern Ocean?

Water temp: 7°C. There is no section of sea with a fiercer reputation than Cape Horn. Its waters are wild, its rocks are treacherous, its currents unpredictable. All of which makes the tip of South America one of the most challenging places to swim.

What are 5 interesting facts about the Pacific ocean?

What are 2 facts about the Pacific ocean?

The Pacific Ocean is the largest ocean on the planet. It covers more than 30% of the earth’s surface. It is so large it is bigger than the landmass of all the world’s continents combined! The Pacific Ocean is also the deepest ocean.

Is the Southern Ocean a real ocean?

The Southern Ocean, also known as the Antarctic Ocean, comprises the southernmost waters of the World Ocean, generally taken to be south of 60° S latitude and encircling Antarctica. As such, it is regarded as the second-smallest of the five principal oceanic divisions: smaller than the Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian oceans but larger than the Arctic Ocean.

Is the Southern Ocean an official Ocean?

The Southern Ocean In Antarctica Becomes World’s Fifth Official Ocean National Geographic has recognized the Southern Ocean as the fifth official ocean. The cartographic update doesn’t surprise researchers who study the importance of the waters surrounding Antarctica. How many oceans are there? It’s National Geographic official now: There are five.

Is the Southern Ocean the coldest ocean?

This continent contained within the Southern Ocean’s boundaries is the windiest, driest and coldest continent in the world Having been only officially recognised in 2000, there is still some controversy as to whether it should be considered a separate ocean or merely an extension of the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans

What ocean is not found in the southern hemisphere?

The Arctic Ocean is the only major water body that does not have a section situated within the Southern Hemisphere. The Atlantic Ocean Covering an area of roughly 41,100,000 square miles, the Atlantic Ocean is one of the largest oceans on earth.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MuTT2X8hhbQ

What are uncontrollables in government?

Government spending on mandatory programs (often called entitlement programs), and net interest on the public debt are often described as “uncontrollable.” Entitlements can be controlled legally by reforming them, but this can be highly unpopular politically.

What are uncontrollables in relation to budget expenditures )?

Discretionary spending usually represents about one-third of total annual Federal spending. Funds for programs to which the government is pre-committed to paying, like interest on the national debt and long-term entitlements, are called “uncontrollables”.

What is an obligation in government accounting?

A term in Federal budgeting and financial management, obligation in layman’s terms means a binding agreement that will result in outlays, immediately or in the future. For example, an agency incurs an obligation when it enters into an agreement to purchase goods or services.

What is controllable spending in government?

Controllable Spending. An amount decided upon by Congress and the President to determine how much will be spent each year on many individual government expenditures, including environment protection programs, aid to education, etc.

Is tax an expenditure?

Tax expenditures describe revenue losses attributable to provisions of Federal tax laws which allow a special exclusion, exemption, or deduction from gross income or which provide a special credit, a preferential rate of tax, or a deferral of tax liability.

What are uncontrollable expenditures and why must the government pay them?

Uncontrollable expenditures are the result of government policies that have made some groups automatically eligible for benefits. These expenditures result from mandates of current law or obligations from previous laws. According to TruthandPolitics.org, almost two-thirds of the federal budget is uncontrollable.

What is meant by a budget resolution?

Overview. In its annual budget resolution, Congress sets total spending, revenues, the surplus or deficit, and the public debt. The budget may also include reconciliation instructions.

What is the difference between commitment and obligation?

What’s the difference between commitments and obligations? A commitment is something you agree to do or choose to engage in. An obligation arises out of you choosing to commit to something. An obligation is something that you’re obliged to do; you feel you have to out of a sense of duty because you said you would.

What obligations does the government have to its citizens?

The obligation to protect requires States to protect individuals and groups against human rights abuses. The obligation to fulfill means that States must take positive action to facilitate the enjoyment of basic human rights.

What is an example of controllable spending?

Examples of controllable costs are advertising, bonuses, direct materials, donations, dues and subscriptions, employee compensation, office supplies, and training.

Who owns intragovernmental debt?

Intragovernmental debt is debt that one part of the government owes to another part. In almost all cases, it is debt held in government trust funds, such as the Social Security trust funds.

What does tumtum tree mean in Jabberwocky?

Tumtum or Tum Tum may refer to: Tumtum language, a Kadu language spoken in Kordofan. Tumtum (Judaism), a Talmudic gender concept for certain intersex people. Tumtum Tree, a fictional tree mentioned in the poem “Jabberwocky” by Lewis Carroll.

What does Brillig mean in Jabberwocky?

four o’clock in the afternoon
Brillig: Following the poem, the character of Humpty Dumpty comments: “‘Brillig’ means four o’clock in the afternoon, the time when you begin broiling things for dinner.” According to Mischmasch, it is derived from the verb to bryl or broil.

Is tumtum a real word?

Tumtum (Hebrew: טומטום, “hidden”) is a term that appears in Jewish Rabbinic literature. It usually refers to a person whose sex is unknown because their genitalia are covered or “hidden” or otherwise unrecognizable.

What is a Tum Tum?

tum-tum (plural tum-tums) (India) A dog cart; a rickshaw; a kind of vehicle.

Did Lewis Carroll invent the Jabberwocky?

In the poem “Jabberwocky,” the Jabberwock, “with his eyes of flame … burbled as it came!” As memorable as the word is for us, Carroll reportedly didn’t remember creating it. In a letter, however, he said it likely was a combination of bleat, murmur and warble.

What kind of creature is the Jabberwocky?

The Jabberwock is a menacing creature, generally portrayed as a dragon-like beast, that is slayed by the protagonist of the poem “Jabberwocky”….

What is Jabberwocky poem?

“Jabberwocky” is considered one of the greatest nonsense poems written in English. Its playful, whimsical language has given English nonsense words and neologisms such as ” galumphing ” and ” chortle “. Alice entering the Looking-Glass Land.

Is there a Russian version of Jabberwocky?

In 1967, D.G. Orlovskaya wrote a popular Russian translation of “Jabberwocky” entitled “Barmaglot” (“Бармаглот”). She translated “Barmaglot” for “Jabberwock”, “Brandashmyg” for “Bandersnatch” while “myumsiki” (“мюмзики”) echoes “mimsy”.

Where is Jabberwocky in Alice in Wonderland?

The Alice in Wonderland sculpture in Central Park in Manhattan, New York City, has at its base, among other inscriptions, a line from “Jabberwocky”. The British group Boeing Duveen and The Beautiful Soup released a single (1968) called “Jabberwock” based on the poem.

What is Jabberwocky in basketball the movie?

The concept of Jabberwocky was modernized in the anime movie, Kuroko’s Basketball The Movie: Last Game (2017). The monster Jabberwock was portrayed as a rival basketball team, called Jabberwock, and disgraced the Japanese basketball teams.