What is Mu heavy chain disease?
mu-Heavy chain disease (HCD) is a rare monoclonal lymphoid disorder characterized by the failure to assemble a complete IgM immunoglobulin. The mu-heavy chains analyzed to date revealed absence of the variable region and a shortened constant domain.
What is Franklin’s disease?
Franklin’s disease is a type of heavy chain disease (malignant plasma cell disorder) whose symptoms include fatigue, enlargement of the lymph nodes, and susceptibility to infections. It can be treated with chemotherapy.
How do you treat heavy chain disease?
Mu Heavy Chain Disease Blood and urine tests are typically done. Bone marrow examination is usually needed for diagnosis. Treatment usually includes chemotherapy drugs and corticosteroids.
What is disease chain?
The spread of an infection within a community is described as a “chain,” several interconnected steps that describe how a pathogen moves about. Infection control and contact tracing are meant to break the chain, preventing a pathogen from spreading.
What is a gamma disease?
Gamma heavy chain disease affects the growth of cells in the immune system . People with this disease make an abnormal form of the gamma heavy chain, a protein used to make antibodies . This abnormal protein is overproduced by the body and can lead to abnormal cell growth.
What is Gamma heavy chain?
Gamma heavy-chain disease (gHCD) is defined as a neoplasm of lymphocytes, plasmacytoid lymphocytes, and plasma cells characterized by the production and secretion of an abnormally truncated IgG heavy chain that is incapable of associating with immunoglobulin light chains.
What causes heavy chain disease?
The heavy chain diseases (HCDs) are B-cell proliferative disorders characterized by production of abnormal, structurally incomplete, immunoglobulin heavy chains without the corresponding light chains. The abnormal HCD proteins are the result of gene mutations, deletions, or insertions.
Are gamma rays green?
Unlike the Incredible Hulk, gamma rays are not green — lying as they do beyond the visible spectrum, gamma rays have no color at all that we can describe.
What is heavy and light chain?
IgG antibodies are large molecules, having a molecular weight of approximately 150 kDa, composed of two different kinds of polypeptide chain. One, of approximately 50 kDa, is termed the heavy or H chain, and the other, of 25 kDa, is termed the light or L chain (Fig.
What is Kappa lambda light chains?
Light chains are proteins produced by immune cells called plasma cells. Also called kappa and lambda light chains, they link together with other proteins (heavy chains) to form immunoglobulins (also known as antibodies) that target and neutralize specific threats to the body such as bacteria and viruses.
What is Seligman’s emotional deficit?
Finally, the emotional deficit refers to the depressed state arises when the subject is in a negative situation that he feels is not under his control. Based on his research, Seligman found an important connection: the link between learned helplessness and depression.
What did Seligman’s research lead him to discover?
His work on the subject led him to wonder what other mindsets and perspectives can be learned and whether people could develop positive traits instead of developing feelings of helplessness. Seligman’s research led him to create the model of learned optimism.
What did Seligman say about learned helplessness?
Although Seligman’s name was synonymous with learned helplessness for many years, he knew he had a lot more to offer the world. His work on the subject led him to wonder what other mindsets and perspectives can be learned and whether people could develop positive traits instead of developing feelings of helplessness.
What is Martin Seligman’s positive psychology?
Martin Seligman is a pioneer of Positive Psychology (the term itself was coined by Abraham Maslow), not simply because he has a systematic theory about why happy people are happy, but because he uses the scientific method to explore it.