How does the Chonorchis sinensis infect the human being?
Clonorchis is a liver fluke parasite that humans can get by eating raw or undercooked fish from areas where the parasite is found. Found across parts of Asia, Clonorchis is also known as the Chinese or oriental liver fluke. Liver flukes infect the liver, gallbladder, and bile duct in humans.
Where exactly does Clonorchis sinensis attach in human hosts?
Clonorchis sinensis, the Chinese liver fluke, is a liver fluke belonging to the class Trematoda, phylum Platyhelminthes. It infects fish-eating mammals, including humans. In humans, it infects the common bile duct and gall bladder, feeding on bile.
What is the unique characteristic in Clonorchis sinensis ova?
Clonorchis sinensis ova had characteristics of light yellow color, prominent shoulder rim of operculum, and comma-shaped terminal knob on the opposite side (under 400× microscope field view). Clonorchis sinensis is endemic to Southeast Asia, Japan, China, and Taiwan.
Are clonorchis hermaphrodites?
Clonorchis sinensis adults are flattened, lance shaped, and measure approximately 10 to 25 mm long by 3 to 5 mm wide. The oral and ventral suckers (acetabulum) are relatively small. Like other flukes, they are hermaphroditic.
What is the infective stage of clonorchis sinensis?
Introduction. Clonorchis sinensis, Opisthorchis viverrini sensu lato (s.l.) and Opisthorchis felineus are liver fluke parasites that humans can acquire by consuming raw or partially cooked freshwater fish infected with the larval stage metacercariae.
What does Schistosoma japonicum cause?
japonicum produces diffuse meningoencephalitis with fever (Katayama fever), seizures, visual loss, neck stiffness, disorientation, and stupor. Chronic disease produces seizures, focal signs, and intracranial hypertension related to the development of parenchymal brain granulomas.
What is the infective stage of Clonorchis sinensis?
What does Clonorchis sinensis cause?
Clonorchiasis is infection with the liver fluke Clonorchis sinensis. Infection is usually acquired by eating undercooked freshwater fish. Most infections are asymptomatic, but when present, symptoms include right upper quadrant abdominal pain, indigestion, fatigue, and diarrhea.
How is paragonimus Westermani transmitted?
How is Paragonimus transmitted? The infection is transmitted by eating infected crab or crawfish that is either, raw, partially cooked, pickled, or salted. The larval stages of the parasite are released when the crab or crawfish is digested. They then migrate within the body, most often ending up in the lungs.
What is the definitive host of Clonorchis sinensis?
C. sinensis is a fish-borne trematode. There are three hosts in the life cycle of C. sinensis including freshwater snails (the first intermediate hosts), freshwater fish and occasionally shrimps (the second intermediate hosts), and human or carnivorous mammals (the definitive hosts).
What is the epidemiology of schistosomiasis?
Epidemiology. Schistosomiasis is prevalent in tropical and subtropical areas, especially in poor communities without access to safe drinking water and adequate sanitation. It is estimated that at least 90% of those requiring treatment for schistosomiasis live in Africa.
What is the life cycle of Schistosoma japonicum?
Life cycle: Eggs are eliminated with feces or urine (1). Under optimal conditions, the eggs hatch and release miracidia (2), which swim and penetrate specific snail intermediate hosts (3). The stages in the snail include two generations of sporocysts (4) and the production of cercariae (5).
What is the life cycle of Clonorchis sinensis?
Life Cycle. Clonorchis sinensis eggs are discharged in the biliary ducts and in the stool in an embryonated state . Eggs are ingested by a suitable snail intermediate host . Eggs release miracidia , which go through several developmental stages (sporocysts , rediae , and cercariae ).
What is the function of Clonorchis sinensis eggs?
Clonorchis sinensis eggs are discharged in the biliary ducts and in the stool in an embryonated state . Eggs are ingested by a suitable snail intermediate host . Eggs release miracidia , which go through several developmental stages (sporocysts , rediae , and cercariae ).
What are the main body parts of Clonorchis sinensis?
An adult Clonorchis sinensis has these main body parts: oral sucker, pharynx, caecum, ventral sucker, vitellaria, uterus, ovary, Mehlis’ gland, testes, excretory bladder. ( H&E stain ) Clonorchis sinensis, the Chinese liver fluke, is a liver fluke belonging to the class Trematoda, phylum Platyhelminthes.
What are Clonorchis sinensis and Opisthorchis viverrini?
Opisthorchis viverrini and Clonorchis sinensis are liver flukes (a type of flatworm) that are associated with an increased risk of cholangiocarcinomas. Infections with these liver flukes come from eating raw or undercooked fish. They occur almost exclusively in East Asia and are rare in other parts of the world.