What do filamentous phages infect?
Filamentous bacteriophages are a large family of single-stranded DNA viruses that infect gram-negative bacteria (36).
How do filamentous phages work?
Filamentous bacteriophages contain a circular single-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (ssDNA) genome packaged into long filaments. These phages do not reproduce by lysing bacteria; instead, they are secreted into the environment without killing the host.
What are the main structure in a bacteriophage?
There are three basic structural forms of phage: an icosahedral (20-sided) head with a tail, an icosahedral head without a tail, and a filamentous form.
What viruses are filamentous?
Filamentous archaeal viruses, all infecting hyperthermophilic hosts growing optimally at 80°–90 °C, have been classified into four families: Clavaviridae, Rudiviridae, Lipothrixviridae and Tristromaviridae (Prangishvili et al. 2017).
Where are bacteriophages assembled?
The filamentous virion has a 9000 Å-long rod-like structure with a ∼65 Å diameter that contains ssDNA genome. In contrast to DNA bacteriophages discussed above, filamentous phages assemble on the internal membrane of the host cell. The head of the tailed bacteriophage T4 also assembles on the internal membrane of E.
How does a bacteriophage reproduce?
Bacteriophages, just like other viruses, must infect a host cell in order to reproduce. The steps that make up the infection process are collectively called the lifecycle of the phage. Some phages can only reproduce via a lytic lifecycle, in which they burst and kill their host cells.
What are the 2 types of bacteriophage?
There are two primary types of bacteriophages: lytic bacteriophages and temperate bacteriophages. Bacteriophages that replicate through the lytic life cycle are called lytic bacteriophages, and are so named because they lyse the host bacterium as a normal part of their life cycle.
How do filamentous phages assemble membranes?
Filamentous phages present a genetically well-defined system for studying the ordered membrane assembly of five different phage-encoded proteins around the circular single-stranded DNA phage genome. Assembly occurs at high efficiency in vivo, catalysed by two phage-encoded membrane proteins and at l …
What are filamentous bacteriophages?
Filamentous bacteriophages are interesting paradigms in structural molecular biology, in part because of the unusual mechanism of filamentous phage assembly.
Is the filamentous phage virion a good model organism for structural biology?
The structure, assembly and structural transitions of the filamentous phage virion involve a widespread motif in structural biology, the α-helix bundle, and the potential value of filamentous phage as a model has long been recognized.
What is required for filamentous bacteriophage assembly?
The filamentous bacteriophage assembly proteins require the bacterial SecA protein for correct localization to the membrane The products of gene I and the overlapping in-frame gene XI are required for filamentous phage assembly Leaf arrangement. Geometry, morphogenesis, and classification