Is IL-21 inflammatory?
While the IL-21/IL-21R pathway has been shown to be important in protection against several microbial pathogens, the IL-21/IL-21R signaling axis has been linked to excessive inflammation and associated pathogenesis observed during infectious and non-infectious inflammatory conditions (Stolfi et al., 2011; Tortola et al …
What does IL-21 do to B cells?
IL-21 regulates proliferation and survival of B cells. Cytokines influence B cell development and homeostasis by regulating their proliferation and survival. Critical insights into the role of IL-21 in murine B cell proliferation and survival come from experiments in which IL-21 is overexpressed in vivo.
What is interleukin-21 (IL-21)?
William F. Dall’Acqua, … Interleukin-21 (IL-21), a member of the common cytokine receptor γ chain (γ c) family, is secreted by CD4 + T cells and natural killer T cells and induces effector function through interactions with the IL-21 receptor (IL-21R)/γ c complex expressed on both immune and non-immune cells.
What are other γ c cytokines that bind to IL-21?
Along with IL-21, other γ c cytokines including IL-2, IL-4, IL-7, IL-9, and IL-15, signal through STAT proteins [ 47, 48] The binding specificity of MEDI7169 to IL-21 versus other γ c cytokines was evaluated in an ELISA binding assay. MEDI7169 exhibited specific binding only to IL-21 ( Fig 8A ).
What is the concentration of ilil-21 antibody in human B cells?
IL-21 antibody was added at the initiation of the culture period at a final concentration of 0.003 to 10 μg/mL. B cells were cultured for 7 days. After 7 days of stimulation, B cells were stained for 30 min at 4°C with an antibody cocktail specific for PCs.
Can rodent IL-21 cross-reactive antibodies be isolated from non-human primate species?
Given the low homology (61–65%) of human and rodent IL-21 it was unlikely to isolate rodent cross-reactive antibodies. Therefore, we selected cyno IL-21 as the non-human primate species relevant for preclinical evaluation.