How does ATF4 induce apoptosis?
Conversely, when ATF4 expression was knocked down using siRNA in ECV304 cells, it protected the cells from radiation-induced apoptosis. These findings suggest that ATF4 may play a role in radiation-induced cell killing by inhibiting cell proliferation and promoting cell apoptosis.
What happens when the endoplasmic reticulum is stressed?
Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Disease Pathogenesis As ER stress and the attendant UPR can lead to cell death, it is not surprising that conditions that lead to an increase in protein misfolding or a decrease in the ability of the cell to handle these proteins in the ER can result in cellular dysfunction and disease.
Is ATF4 a transcription factor?
Abstract. Activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) belongs to the ATF/CREB (activating transcription factor/cyclic AMP response element binding protein) family of basic region-leucine zipper (bZip) transcription factors, which have the consensus binding site cAMP responsive element (CRE).
How is endoplasmic reticulum affected by Alzheimer’s?
Based on lots of medical reports, ER stress in postmortem brains from Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients, animals, and vitro models have indicated that ER dysfunction might work as an important part in causing AD. In this review, we demonstrated that the effect of ER stress contributed to the pathogenesis of AD.
How can we prevent ER stress?
Weight loss has beneficial effects. It reduces ER stress in man, together with a decrease of triglycerides in adipose tissue and liver, and blood glucose and insulin concentrations (64). The activation of nuclear receptors could also modify the effect of the diet on lipids and glucose.
What activates ATF4?
ATF4 expression is stimulated in response to amino acid deprivation via General Control Nonderepressible-2 (GCN2) and during ER stress and unfolded protein response (UPR) via protein kinase R-like ER kinase (PERK).
What diseases are associated with the endoplasmic reticulum?
Summary. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) dysfunction might have an important part to play in a range of neurological disorders, including cerebral ischaemia, sleep apnoea, Alzheimer’s disease, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, the prion diseases, and familial encephalopathy with neuroserpin inclusion bodies …