What did He Whakaputanga say?
He Whakaputanga (which can be translated as ‘an emergence’ or ‘declaration’) consisted of four articles. It asserted that sovereign power and authority in the land (‘Ko te Kingitanga ko te mana i te w[h]enua’) resided with Te Whakaminenga, the Confederation of United Tribes, and that no foreigners could make laws.
What was the purpose of Whakaputanga in 1835?
He Whakaputanga – Declaration of Independence,1835 Recognised by King William IV, it declared New Zealand’s independence as a sovereign nation under the Māori chiefs. Signatures continued to be added until 1839, by which time it had 52 signatures.
What is the significance of He Whakaputanga the Declaration of Independence?
Described by British Resident James Busby as the “Magna Carta of New Zealand Independence”, He Whakaputanga was a bold and innovative declaration of Indigenous power. Officially recognised by the United Kingdom, it signalled the emergence of Māori authority on the world stage.
What was the purpose of the NZ 1835 Declaration of Independence?
The Declaration arose in response to concerns over the lawlessness of British subjects in New Zealand and in response to a fear that France would declare sovereignty over the islands.
Who Signed TE Whakaputanga?
northern chiefs
28 October 1835 Thirty-four northern chiefs signed He Whakaputanga o te Rangatiratanga o Nu Tireni (the Declaration of Independence of the United Tribes of New Zealand) at a hui called by the British Resident, James Busby.
What is te Rangatiratanga?
Rangatiratanga is a traditional Māori philosophy, value and practice of people exercising their independence, and determining their choices for governing themselves.
Who wrote He Whakaputanga?
The result was 53 short biographies, published in He Whakaputanga/The Declaration of Independence, 1835 by Bridget Williams Books, and as a He Whakaputanga Signatories database on NZHistory. The database is free to access online and includes the biographies of each rangatira.
Who drafted He Whakaputanga?
He Whakaputanga was first signed by 34 northern Māori rangatira (chiefs) on 28 October 1835. By July 1839, He Whakaputanga had collected a further 18 signatures.
What did the Declaration of Independence mean?
Declaration of Independence, in U.S. history, document that was approved by the Continental Congress on July 4, 1776, and that announced the separation of 13 North American British colonies from Great Britain.
Where was Whakaputanga signed?
28 October 1835 In the spring of 1835, Frenchman Charles de Thierry announced his intention to set up a ‘sovereign state’ in Hokianga. Concerned this might provoke intertribal conflict, Busby called a meeting of chiefs whom he persuaded to sign He Whakaputanga.
What do Māori chiefs do?
Traditional Māori inheritance Tribal chiefs inherited mana (authority) over land and people. Mana was passed by the chief to the chosen heir – usually the eldest son of the senior wife, though he could be passed over if he was not suitable. Successors could be named by a chief on his deathbed.
What does Whakaputanga mean to you?
The word ‘whakaputanga’ is usually translated as ‘declaration’, but it can also mean ‘emergence’ — the emergence of a new country. The words used in the document to describe an independent state, “he whenua rangatira”, also have a deeper meaning of a land at peace under its rightful owners.
Why did Whakaputanga sign the declaration of Independence?
Story: He Whakaputanga – Declaration of Independence In 1835 northern chiefs signed a Declaration of Independence, asserting their sovereignty over New Zealand. The declaration had been drafted by a British official, prompted in part by rumours that a Frenchman was planning to declare himself king of New Zealand.
Who signed He Whakaputanga and why?
They also thanked the King for acknowledging their flag. Thirty-four northern chiefs signed He Whakaputanga on 28 October 1835. Busby sent it to the King, and it was formally acknowledged by the Crown in May 1836.
How has Te whakaminenga changed over time?
A greater awareness of Māori forms of governance has also changed how Te Whakaminenga has been viewed. Decisions were made in a co-operative way and with respect for the autonomy of hapū. According to Nuki Aldridge, ‘Te Whakaminenga could make decisions or create laws with hapū consent, but not override hapū authority.’