What is Pararectal space?
The retroperitoneal space lying lateral to the rectum on either side is known as the pararectal space. Pararectal spaces take the shape of a curve of sacrum bone. 3 The roof of the pararectal space comprises the posterior leaf of the broad ligament.
What is Paravesical space?
The paravesical space is the retroperitoneal space that lies lateral to the urinary bladder and anterior and superior to the pararectal space. It is enclosed medially by the bladder, laterally by the pelvic walls, and inferiorly by the uterine artery (Fig. 7).
Where is the obturator space?
The lateral part is the obturator space (under the external iliac vessels) and the medial part is the ventral parametrium. The obturator space contains (Figure 8) the obturator nerve, obturator artery and vein, and fatty and lymphatic tissue.
How do you enter retroperitoneal space?
The round ligament is the key to exposing the retroperitoneal space. It should be open at the pelvic sidewall, just medial to the external iliac vessels. The umbilical ligament can be used as a landmark. The divided round ligament is retracted ventrally and medially to place the ovarian vessels under traction.
What is the cardinal ligament?
The cardinal ligament attaches the lateral side of the vagina and cervix to the lateral pelvic wall, which provides support to the vagina and cervix. Studies have shown variable findings in the collagen content and distribution in the cardinal ligaments of women with a prolapsed uterus.
What is in the cardinal ligament?
Range and Woodburne [6] described the cardinal ligament as a mesenteric condensation composed of loose areolar connective tissue surrounded by blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatics, which can only be visually distinguished when the uterus is retracted to the contralateral side.
Which organ lies in the retroperitoneal space?
The retroperitoneal space is bounded by the posterior parietal peritoneum anteriorly and the lumbar spine posteriorly. The retroperitoneal space contains the kidneys, adrenal glands, pancreas, nerve roots, lymph nodes, abdominal aorta, and inferior vena cava.
Where is pouch of Douglas located?
The pouch of Douglas is a small area in the female human body between the uterus and the rectum. It has a name and a shape, but the essence of it, the point of it, is that it is a piece of nothing.
How do you get the fluid out of a pouch of Douglas?
Culdocentesis is the puncture and aspiration (withdrawal) of fluid from the pouch of Douglas or rectouterine pouch. The pouch of Douglas or rectouterine pouch is formed between the part of the gut and the uterus. The procedure involves the introduction of a needle through the vaginal wall into the pouch of Douglas.
What do you need to know about surgical anatomy of neck?
Surgical Anatomy of the Neck. Surgical treatment of diseases of the neck requires precise knowledge of anatomy. The neck has distinct facial layers that facilitate the extirpation of metastatic cancer as well as the treatment of infections. Knowledge of the course of the facial nerve enables safe removal of parotid tumors.
What is the organization of the anatomy of the neck?
The organization is unique in that the anatomy is compartmentalized by neck level. Each level of the neck is approached with a discussion of pertinent boundaries followed by a detailed discussion of the anatomical contents highlighting critical relationships. Special effort has been taken to discuss important anatomical variations when present.
What are the facial layers of the neck?
The facial layers of the neck are of critical importance to a fundamental understanding of surgical neck anatomy. They are utilized for surgical access, as they provide generally clean and avascular planes of dissection. They can also serve as natural barriers to the spread of disease processes within the neck, whether neoplastic or infectious.
What is the role of the neck in the treatment of cancer?
The neck has distinct facial layers that facilitate the extirpation of metastatic cancer as well as the treatment of infections. Knowledge of the course of the facial nerve enables safe removal of parotid tumors.