What is the volume of ice in the Arctic?
Average Arctic sea ice volume in March 2022 was 21,700 km3. This value is the 6th lowest on record for March, about 2,200 km^3 above the record set in 2017. Monthly ice volume was 38% below the maximum in 1979 and 25% below the mean value for 1979-2021.
Is the Antarctica getting colder?
There is no evidence that any significant region of Antarctic has been cooling over the long term, except in fall. In a 2016 paper, Turner and others point out that if one considers just the last ~18 years, the trend on the Antarctic Peninsula has been cooling.
How thick is Antarctic ice?
At its thickest point the ice sheet is 4,776 meters deep. It averages 2,160 meters thick, making Antarctica the highest continent. This ice is 90 percent of all the world’s ice and 70 percent of all the world’s fresh water.
Are there any reprocessed PIOMAS ice volume data?
The reprocessed PIOMAS ice volume data (version 2.1) are available (here). Schweiger, A., R. Lindsay, J. Zhang, M. Steele, H. Stern, Uncertainty in modeled arctic sea ice volume, J. Geophys.
What is the average thickness of the sea ice in PIOMAS?
Average Arctic sea ice thickness over the ice-covered regions from PIOMAS for a selection of years. The average thickness is calculated for the PIOMAS domain by only including locations where ice is thicker than .15 m. Fig 6. PIOMAS Ice Thickness Anomaly for November 2021 relative to 2011-2020. Fig 7.
Can we measure the volume of ice in the Arctic Ocean?
However, Arctic sea ice volume cannot currently be observed continuously. Observations from satellites, Navy submarines, moorings, and field measurements are all limited in space and time.
How is Seasea ice volume calculated?
Sea Ice Volume is calculated using the Pan-Arctic Ice Ocean Modeling and Assimilation System ( PIOMAS, Zhang and Rothrock, 2003) developed at APL/PSC. Anomalies for each day are calculated relative to the average over the 1979 -2016 period for that day of the year to remove the annual cycle.