What is extrahepatic biliary obstruction?
Extrahepatic biliary tract obstruction (EHBO) is the blockage of the normal flow of bile from the liver to the intestinal tract. The most common causes of EHBO include: pancreatic disease. stone formation within the biliary system (gallstones) cancer of the pancreas, bile duct, or intestine.
What is the cause of extrahepatic biliary obstruction?
Extrahepatic obstruction to the flow of bile may occur within the ducts or secondary to external compression. Overall, gallstones are the most common cause of biliary obstruction. Other causes of blockage within the ducts include malignancy, infection, and biliary cirrhosis.
Which enzyme is considered the marker of extrahepatic biliary obstruction?
Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) level A membrane-bound enzyme localized to the bile canalicular pole of hepatocytes, ALP is markedly elevated in persons with biliary obstruction.
What lab value S is associated with biliary obstruction?
Patients with partial bile duct obstruction have elevated serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT, GGTP). The serum of patients with clinically apparent jaundice shows increases in total and conjugated bilirubin. Alkaline phosphatase levels are increased to more than 3 times normal.
What is extrahepatic biliary apparatus?
The extrahepatic biliary apparatus consists of a blind end diverticulum formed by hepatic ducts, gall bladder, common bile duct (CBD), and cystic duct. Gall Bladder flask located in contact with the lower surface of the right liver lobe. The length is between 7-10 cm in adults with a potential of up to 50 ml.
What is the most common complication to bile duct obstruction disease?
Left untreated, the possible complications include infections, sepsis , and liver disease, such as biliary cirrhosis .
Which marker is used for diagnosis of obstructive jaundice?
For the patients with obstructive jaundice, accurate differential diagnosis is the most important step before further treatments. The serum CA19-9 is a widely used marker to help the differential diagnosis of the MOJ and BOJ6.
What laboratory studies suggest the etiology of biliary obstruction?
However, the etiology of biliary obstruction can be determined through histology from brush cytology or tissue biopsy samples obtained during various procedures like endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), percutaneous transhepatic cholangiogram (PTC), or endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) directed biopsy.
What are the extrahepatic tissue?
(EK-struh-heh-PA-tik) Located or occurring outside the liver.
What is extrahepatic bile duct obstruction?
Extrahepatic bile duct obstruction (EHBDO) is defined as the lack of bile transit into the duodenum due to blockage along the common bile duct (CBD) or at its junction with the duodenum. The pathology may be intraluminal, mural, or extramural (Table 16-1 ).
What is extrahepatic biliary histology?
Hepatic Histology: Extrahepatic Biliary System VIVO Pathophysiology Digestive System> Liver Hepatic Histology: Extrahepatic Biliary System Bile flows out of the liver through hepatic ducts, which join and extend as the common bile duct(also known simply as the bile duct) to traverse the wall of the duodenum and deliver bile into its lumen.
What is the prevalence of extrahepatic large duct obstruction?
Stenotic or atretic portions of extrahepatic biliary tree cause chronic extrahepatic large duct obstruction Fetal / embryonic form: 10 – 35% of cases; symptoms start shortly after birth; 10 – 20% have congenital anomalies
What is included in innervation of the extrahepatic biliary tract?
Innervation of Extrahepatic Biliary Tract, With Special Reference to the Direct Bidirectional Neural Connections of the Gall Bladder, Sphincter of Oddi and Duodenum in Suncus murinus, in Whole-Mount Immunohistochemical Study. [Anat Histol Embryol. 2016]