What are the causes of hydatidiform mole?
A molar pregnancy is caused by an abnormally fertilized egg. Human cells normally contain 23 pairs of chromosomes. One chromosome in each pair comes from the father, the other from the mother.
How many chromosomes does a complete molar pregnancy have?
H & E stain. A complete mole is caused by a single sperm (90% of the time) or two (10% of the time) sperm combining with an egg which has lost its DNA. In the first case, the sperm then reduplicates, forming a “complete” 46 chromosome set.
What is the most common karyotype of a complete hydatidiform mole?
The complete hydatidiform mole is usually diploid and entirely androgenetic in origin. Most have 46,XX karyotype; a few have a 46,XY karyotype. A complete molar pregnancy consists of diffuse hydropic chorionic villi with trophoblastic hyperplasia, forming a mass of multiple vescicles.
How is hydatidiform mole diagnosis?
Ultrasonography is done to be sure that the growth is a hydatidiform mole and not a fetus or amniotic sac (which contains the fetus and fluid around it). (D and C) or obtained when tissue is passed and is then examined under a microscope (biopsy) to confirm the diagnosis.
When does hydatidiform mole occur?
Hydatidiform mole is more common at the extremes of reproductive age. Women in their early teenage or perimenopausal years are most at risk. Women older than 35 years have a 2-fold increase in risk. Women older than 40 years experience a 5- to 10-fold increase in risk compared to younger women.
What is complete hydatidiform mole?
A complete hydatidiform mole (CHM) is a type of molar pregnancy and falls at the benign end of the spectrum of gestational trophoblastic disease.
Is molar pregnancy genetic?
Molar pregnancies are caused by an imbalance in genetic material (chromosomes) in the pregnancy. This usually occurs when an egg that contains no genetic information is fertilised by a sperm (a complete molar pregnancy), or when a normal egg is fertilised by two sperm (a partial molar pregnancy).
Is molar pregnancy hereditary?
Recurrent molar pregnancy may even be familial, but this is an exceedingly rare condition (2). It is proposed that patients with recurrent hydatidiform moles fall into two groups.
What is the difference between a complete and incomplete hydatidiform mole?
In complete hydatidiform mole, there is no fetal tissue present; in partial hydatiform moles, there is some residual fetal tissue. Both are due to the over-proliferation of chorionic villi.
What is the hCG level in molar pregnancy?
Quantitative beta-hCG levels: hCG levels greater than 100,000 mIU/mL indicate exuberant trophoblastic growth and raise suspicion for a molar pregnancy.
Can molar pregnancy survive?
A molar pregnancy is when there’s a problem with a fertilised egg, which means a baby and a placenta do not develop the way they should after conception. A molar pregnancy will not be able to survive. It happens by chance and is very rare.
Can I get pregnant after molar pregnancy?
Yes, you have every chance of getting pregnant again and having a healthy baby. The risk of having another molar pregnancy is small (about 1 in 80). It’s best not to try getting pregnant again until all your follow-up treatment has finished. For most women, this will take about 6 months.