What is produced by the reaction of triethyl phosphite with Chloroacetoacetate?
For example, trimethyl phosphite and methyl α-chloroacetoacetate yield the insecticide phosdrin usually as a 3:2 mixture of cis- and trans-isomers (Fig. 4.39.
What is the difference between phosphate and phosphonate?
Phosphonate fungicides and fertilizers are absorbed by plants and incorporated into cells as phosphite ions (H2PO3-). The fact that this ion has one less oxygen atom than phosphate means that it does not act in the same manner as phosphate in plants.
Is phosphonate a phosphate?
Phosphonates are one of the three sources of phosphate intake in biological cells. The other two are inorganic phosphate and organophosphates. The naturally occurring phosphonate 2-aminoethylphosphonic acid was first identified in 1959 in plants and many animals, where it is localized in membranes.
What are phosphate prodrugs?
Phosphate prodrugs as sodium salts are generally freely soluble in water and readily hydrolyzed in vivo by alkaline phosphatase, an enzyme widely distributed in a variety of tissues. As a nonspecific enzyme, alkaline phosphatase catalyzes the hydrolysis of phosphomonoesters, as well as phosphoramidates.
What is trimethyl phosphite used for?
Trimethyl Phosphite is a colorless liquid with a pungent odor. It is used in making pesticides, flame retardants and organophosphorous additives. * Trimethyl Phosphite is on the Hazardous Substance List because it is cited by ACGIH, DOT, NIOSH and NFPA.
Does phosphite exist?
Phosphite ( ; Phi), a reduced form of phosphate ( ; Pi), is widely marketed as either a fungicide or fertilizer or sometimes as a biostimulant.
What is phosphite formula?
PO3− 3Phosphite anion / Formula
What is phosphite used for?
Phosphite (Phi) is emerging as a novel plant biostimulator. Phosphite has been shown to improve crop yield and quality, as well as stimulate environmental stress responses in horticultural crops. Phi has not been proved to have a direct effect on plant nutrition, and should not be considered as a proper fertilizer.
Why is phosphonate so acidic?
Phosphonate has multiple oxygen atoms, which are electron withdrawing. Because of this, the phosphonate is willing to give up a hydrogen proton attached to a carbon. In addition to this, the double bond between Phosphorus and oxygen allows for resonance structures, creating an even stronger acid.
Which drugs are prodrugs?
Examples of prodrugs that exist naturally or were produced unintentionally during drug development include aspirin, psilocybin, parathion, irinotecan, codeine, heroin, L-dopa, and various antiviral nucleosides.
What is Bioprecursor prodrug?
Bioprecursor by definition is a type of prodrug that is designed to tackle pharmaceutical, pharmacokinetic or pharmacodynamic shortcomings of a drug that limit its clinical use.
How do you remove triethyl phosphite from a reaction mixture?
[0048] A procedure for removal of the triethyl phosphite involves reducing the internal pressure of the vessel holding the reaction mixture and heating the vessel at a given temperature to distill off the triethyl phosphite, a low-boiling product, from the reaction system.