Which is the suitable reactor and operating temperature for shift conversion reaction?
The high-temperature shift (HTS) reactor usually operates at temperatures of 350–420°C with an iron – chromium oxide based catalyst, and the low-temperature shift (LTS) reactor operates at temperatures of 180–340°C with a Cu–ZnO/Al2O3 catalyst (Navarro et al., 2007).
What reactor is used for water gas shift reaction?
The water-gas shift (WGS) reactor is a fixed bed adiabatic reactor that further converts the carbon monoxide with steam present in the syngas, producing additional hydrogen and carbon dioxide according to the water-gas shift reaction (2).
What is a WGS reactor?
1.3 Water–gas shift. Two water–gas-shift (WGS) reactors are used downstream of the secondary reformer to adjust the hydrogen/carbon monoxide ratio, depending on the end use of the steam reformed products. The first of the two WGS reactors utilizes an iron-based catalyst, which is heated to approximately 400 °C (750 °F) …
How does a water gas shift reaction work?
The water-gas shift reaction (WGSR) describes the reaction of carbon monoxide and water vapor to form carbon dioxide and hydrogen: CO + H2O ⇌ CO2 + H.
Is the water gas shift reaction endothermic or exothermic?
exothermic
The water gas shift (WGS) reaction is an equilibrium reaction between water and carbon monoxide on the one side and carbon dioxide and hydrogen on the other. The forward reaction is exothermic with a reaction enthalpy of -41 kJ mol-1.
What is a shift reactor?
In syngas processes where hydrogen production is maximized, the use of a water gas shift reactor is typically utilized. These reactors shift a portion of the CO content in the syngas to CO2 and additional H2 via the water gas shift reaction given below, which is exothermic.
How is dihydrogen produced by water gas shift reaction?
Water-gas shift reaction : When carbon monoxide of the syngas mixture reacted in presence of Iron chromate as catalyst then the reaction is called as water-gas shift reaction. `to` By using this reaction dihydrogen production can be increased.
How is CO2 removed in water gas shift reaction?
Sodium arsenite is used in the water gas shift reaction to remove carbon dioxide.
How is the hydrogen produced by water gas shift reaction?
The water gas shift reaction is an important and commonly employed reaction in the industry. In the water gas shift reaction, hydrogen is produced from water or steam while carbon monoxide is converted into carbon dioxide.
Why it is called water gas shift reaction?
The carbon monoxide of the water gas can be converted to carbon dioxide by mixing the gas mixture with more steam at 400°C and passed over a shift converter containing iron/copper catalyst. This reaction is called a water-gas shift reaction.
At what temperature does carbon monoxide react with water?
Carbon monoxide consists of one carbon atom and one oxygen atom connected by a triple bond….Carbon monoxide.
| Names | |
|---|---|
| Density | 789 kg/m3, liquid 1.250 kg/m3 at 0 °C, 1 atm 1.145 kg/m3 at 25 °C, 1 atm |
| Melting point | −205.02 °C (−337.04 °F; 68.13 K) |
| Boiling point | −191.5 °C (−312.7 °F; 81.6 K) |
| Solubility in water | 27.6 mg/L (25 °C) |
What is high temperature shift catalyst?
The high temperature shift (HTS) catalyst is comprised of iron oxide, with a chromium oxide stabilizing agent to reduce the rate of sintering of the active iron crystallites at high temperatures [2].
What is water gas shift reactor?
The Water Gas Shift (WGS) reactor is one of the important reactors in fuel processing system for reducing the carbon monoxide (CO) levels in the reformate which is subsequently required for a PEM Fuel cell. The WGS reaction is mildly exothermic whose conversion is limited by equilibrium temperature.
What is the temperature range of the LTS shift reactor?
The LTS shift reactor operates at a range of 200–250 °C. The upper temperature limit is due to the susceptibility of copper to thermal sintering. These lower temperatures also reduce the occurrence of side reactions that are observed in the case of the HTS.
What is the carbon monoxide content in a low temperature shift reactor?
A subsequent low temperature shift reactor lowers the carbon monoxide content to <1%. Commercial HTS catalysst are based on iron oxide–chromium oxide and the LTS catalyst is a copper-based. The copper catalyst is susceptible to poisoning by sulfur. Sulfur compounds are removed prior to the LTS reactor by a guard bed.
What is the gas shift reaction in an exothermic reactor?
These reactors shift a portion of the CO content in the syngas to CO2 and additional H2 via the water gas shift reaction given below, which is exothermic. The water gas shift reaction is favored at lower temperatures and higher steam content.