How does Goodpasture syndrome affect the lungs?
Goodpasture syndrome is a life-threatening autoimmune disorder. It causes the immune system to attack tissues in the lungs and kidneys. Symptoms include coughing up blood and trouble breathing. Untreated, the syndrome leads to lung damage, kidney failure and death.
What type of hypersensitivity reaction is Goodpasture syndrome?
[GOODPASTURE’S SYNDROME–CASE REPORTS] Autoantibodies activate the complement cascade resulting in tissue injury by the type II hypersensitivity reaction according to the Coombs and Gell classification of antigen-antibody reactions.
How does Goodpasture syndrome affect the circulatory system?
In Goodpasture syndrome, certain antibodies (anti-glomerular basement membrane [anti-GBM] antibodies) may be produced and circulate throughout the blood. These antibodies may damage the delicate membranes that line the lungs and kidneys or the tiny blood vessels (capillaries) within the lungs and kidneys.
Is Goodpasture syndrome fatal?
Goodpasture syndrome initially causes vague symptoms such as fatigue. But it can rapidly involve the lungs and kidneys. It is almost always fatal if it is not quickly diagnosed and treated.
Is Goodpasture syndrome type II hypersensitivity?
Goodpasture’s syndrome is caused by autoantibodies that recognize the basement membrane (type II hypersensitivity) of the pulmonary and renal blood vessels, resulting in glomerulonephritis (see Chapter 12) and pulmonary hemorrhage. This is usually a disease of childhood.
What causes type II hypersensitivity?
The type II hypersensitivity immune reaction develops in response to modifications of cell surface or matrix-associated antigens generating antigenic epitopes that are regarded as foreign by the immune system.
What immune factors are responsible for type II hypersensitivity?
The most common cause of type II reactions are medications including penicillins, cephalosporins, hydrochlorothiazide, and methyldopa, which become associated with red blood cells or platelets leading to anemia and thrombocytopenia.
What happens in type II hypersensitivity?
Type II hypersensitivity reaction is a form of immune-mediated reaction in which antibodies are directed against cellular or extracellular matrix antigens. This antibody-mediated response leads to cellular destruction, functional loss, or damage to tissues.
What is the pathophysiology of Goodpasture syndrome?
Goodpasture syndrome. Goodpasture syndrome (GPS), also known as anti-glomerular basement membrane disease, is a rare autoimmune disease in which antibodies attack the basement membrane in lungs and kidneys, leading to bleeding from the lungs and kidney failure. It is thought to attack the alpha-3 subunit of type IV collagen,…
What is an example of type 2 hypersensitivity?
An example of anti-receptor type II hypersensitivity (also classified as type V hypersensitivity) is observed in Graves disease, in which anti-thyroid stimulating hormone receptor antibodies lead to increased production of thyroxine.
What is complement-dependent type II hypersensitivity?
Complement-dependent type II hypersensitivity can also occur during the transmission of incompatible maternal antibodies to fetal red blood cells causing hemolytic anemia in the fetus, known as erythroblastosis fetalis.
Does Goodpasture’s syndrome cause glomerulonephritis?
Thus, Goodpasture’s syndrome can cause glomerulonephritis (by involving the kidneys) and alveolar hemorrhage (by involving the lungs) ( Fig. 2) ( DeVrieze BW, 2020 ). With an annual incidence rate of fewer than 10 cases per million, Goodpasture’s syndrome accounts for 10–20% of rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis cases ( Shiferaw et al., 2016 ).