How common is T790M mutation?
We found that the T790M mutation rate was 8.4% (18/212) in overall patients. The T790M mutation was more frequent in patients with brain metastasis 30.0% (12/40) (p < 0.01).
What is TKI treatment in lung cancer?
Epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR TKIs) have been first-line therapy in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harboring EGFR sensitive mutations. Progression inevitably happens after 10–14 months of first- or second-generation EGFR TKIs treatment for acquired resistance.
What is the most commonly mutated gene in lung cancer?
TP53 is the most frequently mutated gene in lung adenocarcinoma, with somatic mutations found in close to 70% of patient samples (Fig.
Which exon is T790M?
T790M mutation in exon 20 is usually associated with secondary resistance to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors therapy but is also present in treatment-naïve patients.
Is EGFR mutation hereditary?
EGFR mutations usually occur during the patient’s lifetime, although in a small number of cases the EGFR mutation can be inherited from a parent. EGFR mutations are found more frequently in never-smokers but can also occur in former smokers.
How does EGFR TKI work?
The working mechanism of first-generation EGFR-TKIs is to block the activation of downstream signaling induced by EGFR through binding to the ATP-binding sites.
What are second generation TKI?
Second-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are more potent drugs and have expanded inhibition against a broad spectrum of mutations resistant to imatinib. Both nilotinib and dasatinib have demonstrated in vitro and in vivo clinical activity against different types of mutations and various forms of resistance.
What causes genetic mutations in lung cancer?
Things outside your body, like breathing in tobacco smoke, lead to gene mutations. Air pollution, certain chemicals, and radon gas are also causes. In a small portion of lung cancer cases, these acquired gene mutations are just random things that happen. Your DNA changes inside your cell without any outside trigger.
Is there a gene mutation for lung cancer?
Most cases of lung cancer are not related to inherited genetic changes. These cancers are associated with somatic mutations that occur only in certain cells in the lung.
Is T790M an exon 20 mutation?
T790M mutation in exon 20 is usually associated with secondary resistance to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors therapy but is also present in treatment-naïve patients. The frequency for baseline T790M mutation varies from 4 to 35% according to the detection method used.
What is the prognosis of a rare l833v/h835l complex mutation?
A rare L833V/H835L complex mutation in exon 21 of EGFR was detected in plasma and pleural effusion by next generation sequencing (NGS). Afatinib was used as first-line therapy and showed very good efficacy. To date, the patient is still benefited from afatinib treatment for a total of 10 months, with no signs of disease progression.
Does afatinib work in lung adenocarcinoma harboring EGFR l833v/h835l mutations?
Great Efficacy of Afatinib in a Patient with Lung Adenocarcinoma Harboring EGFR L833V/H835L Mutations: A Case Report Uncommon mutations account for 10-15% of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
What gene mutations cause non-small cell lung cancer to spread?
A few different gene mutations help non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) spread and grow. These are some of the most common gene mutations: The TP53 gene is responsible for the production of the tumor protein p53. This protein monitors cells for DNA damage and acts as a tumor suppressor.
How do we test for mutations in non-small cell lung cancer?
If your tumor has an EGFR mutation, your doctor may recommend treatment with this drug or participation in a clinical trial. Another mutation we regularly test for is in a gene called KRAS . KRAS is mutated in about 25 percent of patients with non-small cell lung cancer.