How is succinic acid produced?

Succinic acid can be produced via catalytic hydrogenation of maleic acid or maleic anhydride, a process that is both expensive and harmful to the environment. It could also be produced via fermentation.

Can succinate be fermented?

Since the succinate metabolic pathway has been resolved in different biological systems, it is possible to produce this valuable chemical through microbial fermentation.

Is succinic acid a product of fermentation?

As an intermediate of several biochemical pathways, succinic acid is produced by many microorganisms. In fact, it is one of the metabolic co-products of ethanol fermentation by the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae in addition to glycerol, lactic acid, and acetic acid.

Which bacteria is used in succinic acid fermentation?

To date, the bacteria isolated from the rumen, including A. succinogenes and M. succiniciproducens, are the best candidates for succinic acid production as they produce succinic acid as a major fermentation product.

Which acid is used to make the solution acidic during the fermentation process?

A small amount of lactic acid is produced by yeast cells during fermentation.

What is the pH of succinic acid?

It is also worth noting that the fermentative production of succinic acid at a pH of 4.6, the pKa1 of succinic acid, will reduce the amount of base needed for neutralization, but will not eliminate the need for base entirely.

What is succinic acid fermentation?

Succinic acid fermentation. Microbial production of Succinic acid can be performed with wild bacteria like Actinobacillus succinogenes, Mannheimia succiniciproducens and Anaerobiospirillum succiniciproducens or genetically modified Escherichia coli, Corynebacterium glutamicum and Saccharomyces cerevisia.

What is the product of A succiniciproducens?

A. succiniciproducens was isolated from the throat and feces of beagle dog [44], and produces succinic and acetic acids as major fermentation products and ethanol and lactic acid as minor ones under strictly anaerobic condition [21], [45].

Why do succinic acid producers develop their own recovery and purification processes?

Due to the expense that the recovery and purification process can impart on the final product and its uses, each of the current succinic acid producers developed and patented their own recovery and purification processes.

What is the effect of succinic acid on pH?

The accumulation of succinic acid in the fermentation broth inevitably leads to lowering of the pH in the fermentation medium. The pKa values for succinic acid, pKa 1 = 4.61 and pKa 2 = 5.61, lie below the optimal growth and production pH of many organisms.