Is thiopental acidic or basic?
Red arrows indicate the pH at which lidocaine (a weak base) and thiopental (a weak acid) are prepared in solution. At body pH, much of the drug becomes unionized and can cross membranes.
Is thiopental an acid?
Thiopental is a barbiturate, the structure of which is that of 2-thiobarbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and sec-pentyl groups. It has a role as an anticonvulsant, a sedative, an environmental contaminant, a xenobiotic, a drug allergen and an intravenous anaesthetic.
What class of drug is thiopental?
Thiopental sodium is classified as a Schedule III controlled substance.
Does thiopental cross BBB?
Metabolism. Thiopental rapidly and easily crosses the blood–brain barrier as it is a lipophilic molecule.
Why is thiopental no longer used?
In a statement, the FDA announced it had “made a final decision, refusing admission of the detained drugs into the United States.” FDA press officer Lyndsay Meyer said that the shipments of sodium thiopental had been confiscated because the detained drugs appeared to be unapproved new drugs and misbranded drugs.
When is thiopental used?
Thiopental is a barbiturate used to induce general anesthesia, treat convulsions, and reduce intracranial pressure.
Is thiopental a muscle relaxant?
When no fluids are being administered, then a generous saline flush may well suffice to clear cannula and vessel of thiopental, prior to administration of muscle relaxant. Another potential solution is to alter the drugs used….Table 1.
| Drug | pH |
|---|---|
| Thiopentone | 11–12 |
| Suxamethonium | 3.5 |
| Mivacurium | 4.0–5.0 |
| Vecuronium | 4.0 |
Is thiopental still used?
In addition to its beneficial use in medical anesthesia, sodium thiopental was formerly used as the first drug in a three-drug lethal injection series. This use was discontinued de facto when Hospira, the only US manufacturer, stopped making it, and the European Union banned exporting it for death penalty purposes.
What is thiopental used for?
Pentothal (thiopental sodium for injection) is a barbiturate used to help patients relax before receiving general anesthesia with an inhaled medication.
Why is thiopental short acting?
Although thiopental has a relatively long half-life of ∼ 9 hours, it is a short-acting, highly lipid-soluble compound. Its short duration of action is due to redistribution into muscle and eventually fat Marshall and Longnecker (1996).
Why was thiopental discontinued?
Rebecca Katz. Share: Sodium thiopental has been in short supply since the only U.S. manufacturer, Hospira, Inc., suspended production in 2010 due to concerns about its use in executions. In early 2011, Hospira announced it would halt production of sodium thiopental permanently.
Why is thiopental not used?
Thiopental 4 to 6 mg/kg provides a rapid and reliable induction of anesthesia. As a negative inotrope and vasodilator, thiopental can cause decreased cardiac output and blood pressure,253 which may result in significant hypotension in hypovolemic patients.
What is the structure of thiopental?
Thiopental is a barbiturate, the structure of which is that of 2-thiobarbituric acidsubstituted at C-5 by ethyl and sec-pentyl groups. It has a role as an anticonvulsant, a sedative, an environmental contaminant, a xenobiotic, a drug allergen and an intravenous anaesthetic. It derives from a 2-thiobarbituric acid.
Why is thiopental used as truth serum?
Thiopental (Pentothal) is still used in some places as a truth serum to weaken the resolve of a subject and make them more compliant to pressure. The barbiturates as a class decrease higher cortical brain functioning, and also due to the loss of inhibition produced by barbiturates.
What is the pathophysiology of thiopental metabolism?
Thiopental is metabolized mainly in the liver and to a lesser extent in other organs and tissues (eg, kidneys and brain). Thiopental undergoes desulfuration to form pentobarbital, an active metabolite.
What class of drug is sodium thiopental?
Sodium thiopental is a member of the barbiturate class of drugs, which are relatively non-selective compounds that bind to an entire superfamily of ligand-gated ion channels, of which the GABAA receptor channel is one of several representatives.