What software is used for Java programming?

What software is used for Java programming?

The Java Development Kit (JDK) is a Sun product aimed at Java developers. Since the introduction of Java, it has been by far the most widely used Java software development kit (SDK). It contains a Java compiler, a full copy of the Java Runtime Environment (JRE), and many other important development tools.

Which app is best for Java programming in PC?

What Will Be The Best Java IDE’s in 2020?

  • Eclipse. Eclipse is a Java IDE that is one of the 3 biggest and most popular IDE’s in the world.
  • BlueJ. BlueJ is a Java IDE that is widely used by Java programmers in the world.
  • IntelliJ IDEA.
  • jGRASP.
  • JCreator.
  • NetBeans.
  • Greenfoot.
  • JDeveloper.

Is Java good for beginners?

While it may not be as easy to pick up as Python, Java is a high-level language, and so it’s still relatively beginner-friendly. However, it has a slow startup and will take beginners much longer to deploy their first project.

Which software is best for Java programming for beginners?

Top 10 Java IDEs

  • Eclipse. Eclipse is one of the most popular Java IDEs on the market.
  • NetBeans. Apache NetBeans is the official IDE for Java 8, making it a top Java IDE for creating desktop, mobile, and web applications.
  • IntelliJ IDEA.
  • BlueJ.
  • Oracle JDeveloper.
  • MyEclipse.
  • Greenfoot.
  • jGRASP.

Which is best for Java?

The most popular Java IDEs

IDE My review
Visual Studio Code A solid “good”. Does most of the things you will need. But it’s still just a text editor at heart, with added bells and whistles.
IntelliJ IDEA A fast and productive environment to work in. Full insights into your code. First-class debugging, testing, decompiling.

Can Java be my first language?

In short, You can definitely choose Java as your first programming language and once you are comfortable, try to learn a couple of more, e.g. JavaScript or Python.

What is Java mostly used for?

One of the most widely used programming languages, Java is used as the server-side language for most back-end development projects, including those involving big data and Android development. Java is also commonly used for desktop computing, other mobile computing, games, and numerical computing.

What are the basic software requirements for Java?

Windows

  • Windows 10 (7u85 and above)
  • Windows 8.x (Desktop)
  • Windows 7 SP1.
  • Windows Vista SP2.
  • Windows Server 2008 SP2 and 2008 R2 SP1 (64-bit)
  • Windows Server 2012 (64-bit) and 2012 R2 (64-bit)
  • RAM: 128 MB; 64 MB for Windows XP (32-bit)
  • Disk space: 124 MB.

Why are some videos not playing on Facebook?

Why are some videos not playing on Facebook?

Facebook videos not playing on mobile can be attributed to Adobe Flash Player’s lack, so the settings need to be checked. If the flash content is disabled, you might need to update the player on the browser or change privacy settings.

Why are videos suddenly not playing?

Browser problems: When YouTube videos won’t play, it’s usually a browser problem. Refreshing the page fixes the problem a lot of the time, but you may need to update your browser or clear the cache. Computer problems: Most computer problems that prevent YouTube from working require a simple restart.

How do I fix sorry this video is not available?

How do I fix the Video is not available at the moment message?

  1. Refresh the web page and restart your browser.
  2. Use a VPN.
  3. Disable hardware acceleration.
  4. Try a different browser.
  5. Clear the cache.
  6. Change the video quality.
  7. Remove the problematic extensions.
  8. Reset Chrome to default.

How do you play a video that Cannot be played?

The video’s not playing error can arise due to some change in the network settings on the device. To fix this, you can just reset its network settings by visiting its Settings > Reset or WiFi & Network Settings.

Why are my old Facebook videos gone?

If you do not see an old video Wall post that you are looking for, it means that Facebook no longer has this history available. You have the option to download all of your own Facebook profile information, which includes past video posts, to your computer.

Why are videos not playing on my iPhone?

When videos not playing on iPhone Safari, you should delete the Safari history, cookies, and caches. Just open iPhone Settings, then select the Safari, and tap the Clear History and Website Data. Also, you can force quit Safari and open it again.

Why are some of my videos not playing on iPhone?

If you’re sure that the video file is located on your iPhone’s memory card and is supported by the device, but still can’t be played, chances are the file is damaged. Unfortunately, video files may be affected as a result of a device, storage, or app glitch.

What does video unavailable mean?

You may not have permission to view the video in your current country, or it may have been blocked from being played on mobile devices or other platforms outside the desktop browser. If one of your videos has been claimed by a copyright owner, then the copyright owner may have put these restrictions in place.

How do I watch unavailable videos?

There are two methods: use a proxy or a VPN (Virtual Private Network). Proxy and VPN do the same thing. They will make your traffic appear as if it comes from a remote IP address. Let’s say for example you are physically located in China (Youtube is blocked in China) and you want to visit a Youtube video.

What would you do if you are unable to play a particular video even though your internet connection is stable?

Steps to follow if you are unable to play a particular video even though your internet connection is stable….

  1. launch the browser and open Settings.
  2. Scroll down a bit and click Show Advanced Settings.
  3. Under System, clear “Use hardware acceleration when available”.
  4. Restart Chrome.

How to fix Facebook videos not playing?

In this section, we’ll be discussing these and how you can fix Facebook videos not playing according to these explanations. 1. Reset Your Internet Connection By now, you should already know that Facebook requires you to have an internet connection.

Why is the Facebook sound not working?

Sometimes, while playing a video, users encounter that the Facebook sound is not working. In most cases, the issue is caused by a crashed app or some wrong app settings. Fix 1: Log-in to your account again If there is an issue with your Facebook account, then you can just reset it.

Why won’t Facebook videos play on my sd card?

As previously said, storage has a lot to do with Facebook videos not playing. Since the SD card is still storage, it goes to say that you’ll have to make some room in your SD card as well. It’s worth noting that this option is only for Android users only. This is because iOS devices don’t typically have SD card slots.

Why does Facebook keep crashing my videos?

Facebook crashing your Android or iPhone while playing a video. The Facebook video is blurry and has jitters. Facebook displays an unexpected error stating something went wrong while playing the video. Following are some of the major reasons for Facebook having issues with video playback: The video was not uploaded correctly by the other user.

Who wrote the song just for now?

Who wrote the song just for now?

Imogen HeapJust For Now / Lyricist

Why did Imogen Heap stop making music?

I couldn’t find a way to reach them. In a way, I feel like social media contributed to my moving away from music.” Lockdown pushed Heap into realising that she had left behind the most satisfying aspect of her career: playing and writing music.

What songs has Imogen Heap written?

Original songs

Title Written by Originally by
Hide and Seek Imogen Heap Imogen Heap
Just for Now Imogen Heap Imogen Heap
Let Go Guy Sigsworth, Imogen Heap Frou Frou
Lifeline Imogen Heap Imogen Heap

Does Imogen Heap still make music?

Alternative dream pop veteran Imogen Heap announced recently that she plans to release a new album filled with collaborations in 2020. The new album will fall on the artist’s 22nd anniversary of her solo career as she released her first solo album, iMegaphone, in 1998.

How does Imogen Heap pronounce her name?

Imogen. I used to pronouce it “i-MOE-jen.” i as in ‘is’ – moe as in ‘moe’ – and jen as in ‘jennifer’.

What genre of music is Frou Frou?

Electronic dance music
Pop
Frou Frou/Genres

Where is Mmm whatcha say from?

Where does Mmm Whatcha’ Say come from? The Dear sister – Mmm Whatcha’ Say meme was inspired by the second season finale of popular teen drama, The O.C., which aired in May 2005. At the end of this episode, the characters Trey and Ryan are shown getting in a violent fight.

Who did Jason Derulo write Whatcha say about?

Jason Derulo became famous through his debut song “Whatcha Say.” During an interview, Derulo explained the song was inspired by a time his brother cheated.

Who is Imogen Heap’s just for now?

” Just for Now ” is a song by English recording artist and producer Imogen Heap, from her second studio album, Speak for Yourself (2005).

Who wrote Just for now by Imogen Heap?

“Just for Now” was written and produced by Imogen Heap in 2004, intending it to be used for the second second-season episode of the television series The O.C., entitled “The Chrismukkah That Almost Wasn’t”.

What is the meaning of just for now by Heap?

“Just for Now” is an electronica song about a constant mayhem within a holiday environment, in which the singer sings to set aside the disarray for a short time of peace. Heap has performed the song in live performances, which she invites the audience to participate on it.

Who sings just for now by Kelly Clarkson?

“Just for Now” was covered by American recording artist Kelly Clarkson, for her sixth studio album Wrapped in Red (2013). Her version of the song, produced by Greg Kurstin, musically quotes the Christmas standard ” Carol of the Bells ” and was met with positive reviews.

Can you use Mozilla Firefox on a Mac?

Can you use Mozilla Firefox on a Mac?

To download Mozilla Firefox on your Mac, you’ll need to use another browser to get to Mozilla’s website. Once you’ve downloaded Firefox onto your Mac, you can install it like you would any other program. Firefox is one of the fastest browsers available, and puts a large emphasis on customization.

Are portable browser safe?

Users trying to use portable Browsers or Operating Systems can open your network to huge vulnerabilities if the file the user is trying to run is outdated, unpatched or compromised in some way.

How does a portable browser work?

One way to fix this is to have access to a portable browser that you can use anywhere. A portable browser is a version of a browser the developer packages so you can use it directly from a portable storage device like a USB drive.

How to install Firefox on Mac?

How to Download and Install Firefox on a Mac Open Safari from your Dock. Select Download now. Select Firefox. Drag the Firefox App into your Applications folder. Once it has finished copying, eject the disk image for Firefox from your desktop by dragging it to Trash. Open Firefox. Contents1 Why won’t Firefox work on my ]

Is Firefox safe for my Mac?

– Privacy comes first Firefox doesn’t spy on searches. We stop third-party tracking cookies and give you full control. – 2x Faster Get speed and security. Firefox is fast on Mac because we don’t track your moves. – Block trackers Be the master of your domain with strict content blocking. Cut off all cookies and trackers.

How to fix Firefox problems on Mac?

Fix Firefox on Mac and Windows. Open a new window in Firefox. Type about:config into the address bar, then hit enter. Search for network.http.http3.enabled. Change this setting to false. Quit

Can you use Firefox on Mac?

Note that Firefox can be installed on both Intel-based Macs (x86 architecture) and Apple devices with the new ARM-based CPU ( Apple Silicon ). If you use an old version of OS X, see this article for more information: Firefox Mac OS X 10.9, 10.10 and 10.11 users move to Extended Support Release Installing Firefox on Mac

What veggies can roborovski hamsters eat?

What veggies can roborovski hamsters eat?

Green leafy Romaine or other lettuces are ideal, as well as spinach leaves. Broccoli, cauliflower and kale are crunchy additions to his diet. Other examples of healthy vegetables include cucumbers, celery, red and green peppers, bok choy and sweet potatoes. Beans and legumes are also an acceptable treat.

How many carrots can I give my hamster?

How Much Carrot Can A Hamster Eat?

Age Amount
Baby hamster None
Adult hamster 2 small carrot coins or 1 large carrot coin

Can Robo hamsters eat vegetables?

Hamsters can eat most fruits but should not eat fruit seeds or pits, citrus fruit or rhubarb. What vegetables can dwarf hamsters eat? Hamsters can eat most vegetables except garlic, onions, unripe tomatoes and raw beans and potatoes.

Can I give my hamster carrots everyday?

Carrots are perfectly safe for hamsters to eat in moderation. In fact, hamster experts recommend offering a small amount of safe fruits and vegetables like carrots a few times a week to supplement your hamster’s diet.

How often can I feed my hamster carrots?

Carrots and hamsters Introduce a very small amount of carrot to your hamster’s diet, and watch how they react. You can then build up to feeding them some carrot every day. Adding a teaspoon of vegetables each day to your hamster’s diet can help add interest and provide vitamins and minerals.

Can Robo hamsters eat cucumbers?

The short answer is yes, cucumbers make a great addition to any hamster’s diet.

Can I feed my hamster carrots everyday?

Are Robo hamsters friendly?

Roborovski hamsters are naturally gentle, so they make good pets. Though your robo dwarf hamster cage might be full of activity! However, scientists doing research on them call them un-tameable. This means that they might not try to bite you, but that they may never get used to being picked up or cuddled.

How do you cut a hamster for carrots?

Give your hamster only a small portion of the carrot at first, like one thin slice or shred. Allow your hamster to try the carrot. After placing the carrot in your hamster’s bowl, allow him to eat his new food.

What was the value of a guinea 1914?

What was the value of a guinea 1914?

[Mr Fisher, October 14, 1914.]’ The guinea was worth one pound plus one shilling, or 21 shillings, or 252 pence.

How much was 25 guineas in Great Expectations?

the indentures the written contract that sets out the terms of the apprenticeship. five-and-twenty guineas A guinea was one pound plus one shilling – £1.05 in today’s decimal currency; 25 guineas was £26.25, a significant amount in the early nineteenth century. Miss Havisham glanced at him …

What was a lot of money in 1914?

$100 in 1914 is equivalent in purchasing power to about $2,875.04 today, an increase of $2,775.04 over 108 years. The dollar had an average inflation rate of 3.16% per year between 1914 and today, producing a cumulative price increase of 2,775.04%.

How much is a guinea worth US dollars?

Handy Conversion Data Table

Guinea-Franc to Dollars Dollars to Guinea-Franc
1 GNF 0.0001 USD 1 USD
2 GNF 0.0002 USD 2 USD
5 GNF 0.0006 USD 5 USD
10 GNF 0.0011 USD 10 USD

How much is 10 guineas in American dollars?

0.0011 USD
Handy Conversion Data Table

Guinea-Franc to Dollars Dollars to Guinea-Franc
10 GNF 0.0011 USD 10 USD
15 GNF 0.0017 USD 15 USD
20 GNF 0.0023 USD 20 USD
25 GNF 0.0028 USD 25 USD

What is 25 guineas in US dollars?

Convert Guinean Franc to US Dollar

GNF USD
25 GNF 0.00283906 USD
50 GNF 0.00567812 USD
100 GNF 0.0113562 USD
500 GNF 0.0567812 USD

How much is a guinea worth in US dollars?

What was dollar worth in 1915?

$1 in 1915 is equivalent in purchasing power to about $24.27 in 2017, an increase of $23.27 over 102 years. The dollar had an average inflation rate of 3.18% per year between 1915 and 2017, producing a cumulative price increase of 2,326.93%.

How much is a 1914 Barber half dollar worth?

USA Coin Book Estimated Value of 1914 Barber Half Dollar is Worth $192 in Average Condition and can be Worth $1,530 to $2,211 or more in Uncirculated (MS+) Mint Condition. Proof Coins can be Worth $1,658 or more.

When was the last original Christmas song written?

When was the last original Christmas song written?

Last Christmas

“Last Christmas”
Released 3 December 1984
Recorded August 1984
Studio Advision, London
Genre Synth-pop dance-pop Christmas

When was Wham Last Christmas number?

MORE: Every Official UK Number 1 single ever Released in 1984, Last Christmas spent five weeks at Number 2 that year, pipped to the Official Christmas Number 1 post by Band Aid’s Do They Know It’s Christmas?. It was re-released the following year and reached Number 6.

Who wrote Wham Last Christmas?

George MichaelLast Christmas / ComposerGeorge Michael was an English singer and songwriter. Known as a leading creative force in music production, songwriting, vocal performance and visual presentation, he is regarded as one of the most significant cultural figures of the MTV generation. Wikipedia

Did Wham cover Last Christmas?

Miley Cyrus – Last Christmas (Wham! Cover) – YouTube.

What is the best version of Last Christmas?

version to Robyn’s live performance, take a listen to the best versions below.

  • Wham! ( 1984)
  • Jimmy Eat World (2001)
  • Cascada (2007)
  • Taylor Swift (2009)
  • Glee Cast (2010)
  • Ariana Grande (2013)
  • Carly Rae Jepsen (2015)
  • Good Charlotte (2017)

Who originally sang Last Christmas?

“Last Christmas,” written by George Michael and first performed by Wham! in 1984, is a wallowing mess of a song. It mistakes self-indulgence for closure. It contains a synthy falseness that would make even Paul McCartney and Wings wince.

What are the top 100 Christmas songs?

A HOLLY JOLLY CHRISTMAS by Burl Ives

  • ALL I WANT FOR CHRISTMAS IS YOU by Mariah Carey
  • ALL I WANT FOR CHRISTMAS IS YOU by Michael Buble
  • ALL I WANT FOR CHRISTMAS IS YOU by Vince Vancehe Valiants J
  • BABY IT’S COLD OUTSIDE by Idina Menzel Duet With Michael Buble
  • BELIEVE by Josh Groban
  • BLUE CHRISTMAS by Elvis Presley
  • Who sings Last Christmas I Gave my Heart?

    “Last Christmas” is a song by Wham! It’s been widely covered by a mutlitude of artists, including Taylor Swift and Jimmy Eat World The song reached No. 1 in 2 countries and reached No. 2 in eight countries. Although often played during Christmas time, it is far from a Christmas themed song.

    What are the lyrics to the last Christmas?

    “My mouth is filled with your praise, declaring your splendor all day long,” Psalm 71:8, NIV. “Jesus Reigns” lyrics: “Jesus reigns. He reigns forever. We have come to tell the world you’re the one. Lord you reign, yes you reign.

    What is the saying about journeys?

    What is the saying about journeys?

    “It is good to have an end to journey toward; but it is the journey that matters, in the end.” “No man ever steps in the same river twice, for it’s not the same river and he’s not the same man.” “We travel, some of us forever, to seek other states, other lives, other souls.”

    Who said life’s a journey?

    Quote by Ralph Waldo Emerson: “Life is a journey, not a destination.”

    What is life life is a journey?

    What is the meaning of “Life is a Journey?” This is what I think it means: Life is about LIVING. We can’t know what is coming and we need to enjoy every day instead of trying to “arrive.” We should enjoy the unfolding and the process.

    What does Inspirational Journey mean?

    An Inspirational Journey is a memoir told as short stories that capture the heart, spirit, and strength of a boy struggling to find meaning and wholeness in his journey to manhood.

    What does the metaphor life is a journey mean?

    A journey is a common metaphor for life as it reminds us that the destination is not our only goal. Like with any form of a journey, there are times when the roads are straight and times when they are winding. There are ups and downs and potholes along the way.

    What is life answer in one word?

    1. We all know the meaning of life in a single word: survival.

    How do you write a life journey?

    5 Tips on How to Write About Your Journey

    1. 5 Tips on How to Write About Your Journey. Everyone wants to have a written piece about their life.
    2. Think About Your Emotions and Senses.
    3. Identify Major Life Moments.
    4. Write it All Down.
    5. Find a Theme.
    6. Read Other Memoirs for Inspiration.

    What is a good slogan for life?

    Here is an interesting list of the best life slogans shared by others around the web that capture the beauty of life. These are inspirational, with some quoted from famous people throughout history. A day without laughter is a day wasted. Accept what you can’t change. Change what you can’t accept. Action is eloquence.

    What are some of your taglines on life?

    Some of the taglines on life are: Never give up without a fight. Greatness is in You. Done is better than perfect. Life is beautiful, notice it. Create an unique life. Don’t let idiots ruin your day.

    What does life mean to you?

    “Life is a journey to be experienced, not a problem to be solved.” – Winnie the pooth “Life is like a road trip enjoy each day and don’t carry too much baggage.” “Life is a journey not a race.” “Life is a journey with problems to solve and lessons to learn but most of all. Experiences to enjoy.”

    What is the slogan for press on?

    The slogan Press On! has solved and always will solve the problems of the human race.” – Calvin Coolidge

    What is denaturant in cosmetics?

    What is denaturant in cosmetics?

    Alcohol denaturants are chemical substances which are mostly added to cosmetic products containing ethyl alcohol, in order to make it undrinkable (poisonous) and to prevent human consumption. In some cases it is also dyed.

    Is ethanol used in cosmetics?

    Ethanol is widely used in all kinds of products with direct exposure to the human skin (e.g. medicinal products like hand disinfectants in occupational settings, cosmetics like hairsprays or mouthwashes, pharmaceutical preparations, and many household products).

    What type of alcohol is used in cosmetics?

    denatured ethanol
    The alcohol used in cosmetics is denatured alcohol (also called denatured ethanol) to alter the taste and avoid misuse. In our products, it appears in the list of ingredients on the packaging, under the name ALCOHOL DENAT or ALCOHOL.

    Why is ethanol used in cosmetics?

    Ethanol is a common ingredient in many cosmetics and beauty products. (1) It acts as an astringent to help clean skin, as a preservative in lotions and to help ensure that lotion ingredients do not separate, and it helps hairspray adhere to hair.

    Does ethanol absorb through skin?

    Generally, it is stated that ethanol is absorbed by human skin in a quantity described as “toxicologically negligible”.

    Is ethyl alcohol good for face?

    Ethyl Alcohol as an Effective Astringent But among the many functions of ethyl alcohol, its most notable use in skincare is as an astringent. An astringent is a substance that causes biological tissue to contract or draw together. When applied to skin, astringents work on keratin, a type of protein found in the skin.

    Is there alcohol in lipstick?

    Because cetyl alcohol melts at temperatures higher than the average human body temperature, it is useful in cosmetic products like lipsticks, helping lip color adhere to the skin. Cetyl alcohol is also a multipurpose food additive, used as a flavoring agent or in food decorations.

    Why is alcohol used in skincare?

    Alcohol helps ingredients like retinol and vitamin C penetrate into the skin more effectively, but it does that by breaking down the skin’s barrier – destroying the very substances that keep your skin healthy over the long term.

    What happens if you get ethanol on your skin?

    exposure can cause drying and cracking of the skin with peeling, redness and itching. lungs. ► Exposure to Ethyl Alcohol can cause headache, drowsiness, nausea and vomiting, and unconsciousness.

    What does English Paper 1 include?

    What does English Paper 1 include?

    An IB English Paper 1 commentary boils down to 3 separate parts: An introduction paragraph: contains a thesis and an outline of your points. A body (usually 3 paragraphs): contains your points. A conclusion: wraps up the essay.

    What is paper3 English?

    For the IGCSE English Paper 3, is a directed writing paper that consists of 2 questions of a total mark of 50. The first question will be a response writing task whereas the second question would be either a descriptive or narrative writing.

    What is in language paper 2?

    This paper will be based on two non-fiction texts. The non-fiction texts will include writing from the 19th century and 20th or 21st century text. The non-fiction may be in the format of a letter, an article, a blog, an extract of travel writing or from an autobiography.

    How can I learn English Paper 2?

    This is our seven-step guide to acing Paper 2:

    1. Step 1: Do a past paper.
    2. Step 2: Make a detailed list of things to do.
    3. Step 3: Work on the module that you know you can improve easily.
    4. Step 4: Work on the module you struggle with the most.
    5. Step 5: Choose the module which you are most confident with and revise.

    What is the difference between first language and first additional language?

    First language is a language that one acquires from birth and a second language is a non-native language usually learned at a later stage. In a nutshell, native languages are regarded as first languages whereas non-native languages are referred to as second languages.

    What are the roles of an English first additional language teacher?

    The study found out that language problems affected teaching and learning negatively. The study also found that the English First Additional Language teacher has an important role to play in order to help learners experiencing language problems identify and deal with them.

    How long is English Language paper 2?

    The paper is 1 hour and 45 minutes or 2 hours 10 minutes with 25% extra time. It has two sections: Reading and Writing.

    What is question 3 on language paper 2?

    Essentially, Question 3 on Paper 2, also known as ‘the language question’ is similar not only in style but also in markscheme to Question 2 on Paper 1, also a ‘language’ question. Like that question, it was dogged by poor preparation and an over-reliance on subject terminology at the cost of evaluation.

    What is the difference between Grade 11 and Grade 12?

    Grade 11 ultimately prepares you for Grade 12. You regard Grade 11 as your last trial run for your Matric year because most of the work covered in the syllabus will prepare you for Matric anyway. Passing your Grade 11 very well, is usually a sign that you may pass very well in Matric.

    What grade is Grade 11 in South Africa?

    Grade 11 ultimately prepares you for Grade 12. You regard Grade 11 as your last trial run for your Matric year because most of the work covered in the syllabus will prepare you for Matric anyway. Passing your Grade 11 very well, is usually a sign that you may pass very well in Matric. What can you do with your Grade 11 marks in South Africa?

    What grade is P2 (exemplar) 2020?

    GRADE 11 NOVEMBER 2020 ENGLISH FIRST ADDITIONAL LANGUAGE P2 (EXEMPLAR) NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE GRADE 11 NOVEMBER 2020

    What are the best resources for Grade 11 learners?

    Hello Grade 11 Learners. Modern Classroom has everything for you needed to pass your exams, tests, assessments, research tasks and assignments under CAPS Curriculum. Feel free to explore all resources for grade 11, such as Study Guides, DBE Past Exam Papers with Memos, and Speech Topics.