What are GLUT receptors?
Glucose transporter (GLUT) is a facilitative transport protein involved in glucose translocation across the cell membrane. From: Ocular Transporters and Receptors, 2013.
Does glucose bind to a receptor?
This receptor binds glucose strongly and selectively. The central portion contains polar (red) and hydrophobic regions (blue) that bind glucose. The binding region is surrounded by three dendrimers (green) that make the receptor soluble in water.
What senses glucose in the blood?
In the absorptive state, an increase in blood glucose is detected by the beta cells of the pancreatic islets, causing them to increase the release of insulin into the blood. Insulin stimulates cells, especially adipose and muscle cells, to take up glucose from the blood.
How does insulin promote glucose uptake?
Insulin increases glucose uptake mainly by enriching the concentration of Glut4 proteins at the plasma membrane, rather than by increasing the intrinsic activity of the transporter (2,3).
Where are glucose receptors located?
The glucagon receptor is widely expressed and can be found in the liver, adipose tissue, heart, kidney, pancreatic islets, stomach, small intestine, thyroid, and skeletal muscle (Campbell and Drucker, 2013; Gromada et al., 2007).
What receptors stimulate insulin release?
For example, α2-adrenergic receptors inhibit insulin secretion and stimulate glucagon secretion, while β2-adrenergic receptors stimulate both insulin and glucagon secretion.
What receptors detect high blood glucose levels?
Blood glucose control depends heavily on proteins called G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). GPCRs span cell membranes to relay signals from the outside in. Once activated by the binding of a substance, GPCRs trigger a cascade of responses inside the cell.
What happens during glucose uptake?
Exercise increases uptake of glucose by up to 50-fold through the simultaneous stimulation of three key steps: delivery, transport across the muscle membrane and intracellular flux through metabolic processes (glycolysis and glucose oxidation).