What does AP-1 transcription factor do?
Activator protein 1 (AP-1) is a transcription factor that regulates gene expression in response to a variety of stimuli, including cytokines, growth factors, stress, and bacterial and viral infections. AP-1 controls a number of cellular processes including differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis.
What is FOS Jun myc?
The c-fos, c-jun, and c-myc genes are activated when quiescent cells are stimulated to proliferate by the addition of growth factors. This event is believed to be important in linking mytogen-induced short term physiological changes to altered patterns of gene expression, cell growth and proliferation.
What does c-fos stand for?
In the fields of molecular biology and genetics, c-fos is a proto-oncogene that is the human homolog of the retroviral oncogene v-fos. It was first discovered in rat fibroblasts as the transforming gene of the FBJ MSV (Finkel–Biskis–Jinkins murine osteogenic sarcoma virus) (Curran and Tech, 1982).
What genes does AP-1 regulate?
AP-1 proteins regulate immunomodulatory genes There are several immunomodulatory molecules which are AP-1 transcription targets in cHL and ALK+ ALCL. Galectin-1 (Gal-1) is an immunoglycan highly expressed in cHL and ALK+ ALCL patients and its expression strongly correlates with c-Jun levels [111,112,113].
How is NF KB activated?
The primary mechanism for canonical NF-κB activation is the inducible degradation of IκBα triggered through its site-specific phosphorylation by a multi-subunit IκB kinase (IKK) complex. IKK is composed of two catalytic subunits, IKKα and IKKβ, and a regulatory subunit named NF-κB essential modulator (NEMO) or IKKγ.
How is AP-1 activated?
AP-1 activity is stimulated by external stimuli like growth factors or inflammatory cytokines and a complex network of kinase such as mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) of the extracellular-signal regulated kinase (ERK), p38, and JUN amino-terminal kinase (JNK) families.
Is c-myc a tumor suppressor gene?
c-Myc stimulates genes involved in protein biosynthesis, cancer metabolism, transcription factors and cell cycle genes and some microRNAs, while inhibiting expression of other microRNAs and some tumor suppressor genes38.
What is myc amplification?
2. MYC Amplification. Gene amplification of MYC is the most commonly observed marker of MYC deregulation in cancer. Gene duplication, taking place through genome doubling or tandem duplications [19], is the underlying mechanism for copy-number alterations (CNAs) in various oncogenes.
What does c-Fos do in the brain?
c-Fos is currently used as a marker of neuronal activity and has been associated with a number of neural and behavioral responses to acute stimuli expression.
What does C Jun stand for?
c-Jun is a protein that in humans is encoded by the JUN gene. c-Jun, in combination with c-Fos, forms the AP-1 early response transcription factor. It was first identified as the Fos-binding protein p39 and only later rediscovered as the product of the JUN gene.
What is TPA response element?
The element with the sequence TGAGTCA modulates LMTK2 expression in response to treatment with TPA, a synthetic Protein Kinase C (PKC) activator. It serves as the binding site for c-Fos, a member of the Activator Protein −1 (AP-1) transcription factor complex, which is transactivated by PKC.
