What is the function of IL-18?
Produced mainly by antigen-presenting cells, IL-18 is a pleiotropic factor involved in the regulation of both innate and acquired immune responses, playing a key role in autoimmune, inflammatory, and infectious diseases.
What is the protein IL-18?
IL-18 is a proinflammatory cytokine that facilitates type 1 responses. Together with IL-12, it induces cell-mediated immunity following infection with microbial products like lipopolysaccharide (LPS).
Is IL-18 pro or anti inflammatory?
IL-18 is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that was first characterized in the mid-1990s and originally named interferon-γ (IFN-γ) inducing factor [92].
How is interleukin 18 measured?
The ELISA measures the concentration of human or mouse IL-18. Using a combination of monoclonal antibodies against human or mouse IL-18, the proform and/or mature form of IL-18 can be detected by ELISA.
What cells make IL-18?
IL-18 is made by macrophages, dendritic cells, perhaps lymphocytes, and by nonimmune cells; and like IL-1, its actions are regulated by the requirement for proteinase cleavage and by blocking proteins, as well as by the expression of its receptor by the variety of potential targets.
Is IL-18 a proinflammatory cytokine?
Thus, IL-18 is regarded as a proinflammatory cytokine that facilitates type 1 responses. However, in the absence of IL-12 but presence of IL-2, IL-18 stimulates natural killer cells, NKT cells, and even established Th1 cells to produce IL-3, IL-9, and IL-13. Thus, IL-18 also facilitates type 2 responses.
What foods increase cytokines?
In addition, epidemiological studies suggest that an unhealthy dietary eating pattern, consisting of high amounts of refined grains and softdrinks, red and processed meat, fatty dairy products, and little amounts of vegetables, fruits and fish is associated with higher levels of major inflammatory cytokines, like …
How does Il-18 bind to your Alpha?
IL-18 binds to the widely expressed IL-18 R alpha which recruits IL-18 R beta to form the signaling receptor complex (4, 5). Its bioactivity is negatively regulated by interactions with IL-18 binding proteins and virally encoded IL-18BP homologs (6).
Does human IL-18 have the same amino acid sequence as mouse IL18?
Mature human IL-18 shares approximately 63% amino acid sequence identity with mouse and rat IL-18 (15). Alternative splicing in human ovarian cancer generates an isoform that is resistant to Caspase-1 activation (16).
What is interleukin 18 (IL-18)?
Interleukin 18 (IL-18) is a 18 kDa cytokine which identified as a costimulatory factor for production of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma ) in response to toxic shock and shares functional similarities with IL-12. IL-18 is synthesized as a precursor 24 kDa molecule without a signal peptide and must be cleaved to produce an active molecule.
What is the role of IL-18 in cancer?
In cancer, IL-18 exhibits diverse activities including enhancing anti-tumor immunity, inhibiting or promoting angiogenesis, and promoting tumor cell metastasis (14). Mature human IL-18 shares approximately 63% amino acid sequence identity with mouse and rat IL-18 (15).