What is the outer plexiform layer?
The outer plexiform layer (OPL; also outer synaptic layer) has a wide external band composed of inner fibers of rods and cones and a narrower inner band consisting of synapses between photoreceptor cells and cells from the inner nuclear layer.
What layers are in the outer retina?
The inner retinal layers include the RNFL, GCL, inner plexiform layer (IPL), and inner nuclear layer (INL), while the outer retinal layers comprise the outer plexiform layer (OPL), the Henle fiber layer and outer nuclear layer (HFL+ONL), the myoid and ellipsoid zone (MEZ), the photoreceptor outer segments (OS), the …
What is in the outer nuclear layer?
The outer nuclear layer (ONL) of the retina contains the nuclei of the cone and rod photoreceptors1. Loss of the cellular machinery found in these nuclei causes irreparable loss of the photoreceptors and the capacity for visual function.
Where is the plexiform layer?
the retina
The outer plexiform layer (external plexiform layer) is a layer of neuronal synapses in the retina of the eye. It consists of a dense network of synapses between dendrites of horizontal cells from the inner nuclear layer, and photoreceptor cell inner segments from the outer nuclear layer.
What is the function of inner plexiform layer?
The inner plexiform layer contains synaptic contacts among and between bipolar, amacrine, and ganglion cells. In this layer, “off” and “on” bipolar cells terminate, making synaptic contact with the corresponding type ganglion cell.
What is outer retina?
The inner retina consists of the internal limiting membrane through to the external limiting membrane, and the outer retina consists of the photoreceptor layers through to the choroid.
What is found in the inner plexiform layer?
The inner plexiform layer (IPL; also inner synaptic layer) consists of synaptic connections between the axons of bipolar cells and dendrites of ganglion cells. The IPL contains the synapse between the second-order and third-order neuron in the visual pathway (see Figure 4-15).
What is the plexiform layer of the retina?
What are the 10 layers structure of the retina from inside to outside?
(1) retinal pigment epithelium; (2) rods and cones (photoreceptors); (3) external limiting membrane; (4) outer nuclear layer; (5) outer plexiform layer; (6) inner nuclear layer; (7) inner plexiform layer; (8) ganglion cell layer; (9) nerve fiber layer; (10) inner limiting membrane; (11) vitreous.
What is the function of the outer plexiform layer?
The outer plexiform layer ( external plexiform layer) is a layer of neuronal synapses in the retina of the eye. It consists of a dense network of synapses between dendrites of horizontal cells from the inner nuclear layer, and photoreceptor cell inner segments from the outer nuclear layer.
How are horizontal cells connected to the outer plexiform layer?
The horizontal cells respond too, with a hyperpolarization. They then sum information from the horizontal cell network connected over a wide spatial area of the outer plexiform layer via the gap junctions between them.
What are the synapses in the outer plexiform layer?
The outer plexiform layer contains synapses among and between retinal photoreceptors, horizontal cells, and bipolar cells. Contacts between a single cone pedicle or rod spherule, a centrally placed postsynaptic bipolar cell process, and two laterally placed horizontal cell processes form a triad.
Where is the outer plexiform layer of the retina?
Section of retina. (Outer plexiform layer labeled at right, sixth from the top.) Plan of retinal neurons. (Outer plexiform layer labeled at left, fourth from the bottom.) The outer plexiform layer ( external plexiform layer) is a layer of neuronal synapses in the retina of the eye.