What is the pathogenesis of poxvirus?
Pathogenesis. Poxvirus infections evolve either as a localized, fairly benign skin infection or as a systemic infection. Systemic infection results in viral dissemination, with the formation of generalized skin lesions, and usually involves some degree of morbidity and mortality.
What causes poxvirus?
Poxviruses exist throughout the world and cause disease in humans and many other types of animals. Poxvirus infections typically result in the formation of lesions, skin nodules, or disseminated rash. Infection in humans usually occurs due to contact with contaminated animals, people, or materials.
How is poxvirus contracted?
Animal-to-human transmission may occur by bite or scratch, bush meat preparation, direct contact with body fluids or lesion material, or indirect contact with lesion material, such as through contaminated bedding. Human-to-human transmission is thought to occur primarily through large respiratory droplets.
What pathogen causes poxviruses?
The most well known member of the genus is variola virus, the causative agent of smallpox.
Is the poxvirus latent?
Poxvirus infections, in general, are acute, with no strong evidence for latent, persistent, or chronic infections. They can be localized or systemic.
What are the symptoms of poxvirus?
Signs and Symptoms
- Fever.
- Headache.
- Muscle aches.
- Backache.
- Swollen lymph nodes.
- Chills.
- Exhaustion.
What type of virus is poxvirus?
Orthopox: smallpox virus (variola), vaccinia virus, cowpox virus, monkeypox virus, rabbitpox virus; Parapox: orf virus, pseudocowpox, bovine papular stomatitis virus; Yatapox: tanapox virus, yaba monkey tumor virus; Molluscipox: molluscum contagiosum virus (MCV)….
| Poxviridae | |
|---|---|
| Family: | Poxviridae |
| Subfamilies | |
| See text |
What type of virus causes rabies?
Rabies virus belongs to the order Mononegavirales, viruses with a nonsegmented, negative-stranded RNA genomes. Within this group, viruses with a distinct “bullet” shape are classified in the Rhabdoviridae family, which includes at least three genera of animal viruses, Lyssavirus, Ephemerovirus, and Vesiculovirus.
How can poxvirus be prevented?
Avoid contact with any materials, such as bedding, that has been in contact with a sick animal. Isolate infected patients from others who could be at risk for infection. Practice good hand hygiene after contact with infected animals or humans.
How many poxviruses are there?
There are currently 83 species in this family, divided among 22 genera, which are divided into two subfamilies. Diseases associated with this family include smallpox. Four genera of poxviruses may infect humans: orthopoxvirus, parapoxvirus, yatapoxvirus, molluscipoxvirus.
Is poxvirus a large virus?
Poxviruses are the largest and most complex viruses. They are linear double-stranded DNA viruses of 130-300 kilobase pair. The 200-400 nm virion is oval or brick-shaped and can be visualized on light microscopy. The extracellular virion possesses 2 envelopes, while the intracellular virus has only one envelope.
Do poxviruses have an outer membrane?
The most abundant and simplest infectious form of the poxvirus particle – the mature virion (MV; alternate name: intracellular mature virion [IMV]) – consists of the viral DNA genome encased in a proteinaceous core and an outer lipoprotein membrane with ∼60 and ∼25 associated viral proteins, respectively [5].
What is the pathophysiology of poxvirus infections?
Poxvirus infections typically result in the formation of lesions, skin nodules, or disseminated rash. Infection in humans usually occurs due to contact with contaminated animals, people, or materials.
What is a poxviral virus?
Poxviruses are the only viruses to express active members of this superfamily. A host serine proteinase that can form inhibitory complexes with the poxviral SPI-1 serpin. A host response to a pathogen that is skewed to the preferential activation of cell-mediated pathways, especially cytotoxic T-cells.
Is there genetic information on susceptibility to poxvirus infection?
At present, the ectromelia virus, which causes mousepox, is the only poxvirus for which there is information on the host genetic loci that influence susceptibility to infection 151.
What are the different types of poxviruses?
These include monkeypox virus, orf virus, molluscum contagiosum, and others. While some poxviruses, such as smallpox (variola virus), no longer exist in nature, other poxviruses can still cause disease.
