What is yttrium aluminum garnet used for?
Ho:Cr:Tm:YAG It is widely used in military, medicine, and meteorology. It works well at room temperature, has high slope efficiency, and operates at a wavelength where the threshold for eye damage is relatively high.
What is a YAG gemstone?
YAG is the abbreviation for yttrium aluminum garnet. It was first grown in the 1950’s using the flux grown method. It is most often grown by the Czochralski method today. Its primary application was in optic and laser technology.
What is Nd:YAG most commonly used?
Nd:YAG lasers emitting light at 1064 nm have been the most widely used laser for laser-induced thermotherapy, in which benign or malignant lesions in various organs are ablated by the beam. In oncology, Nd:YAG lasers can be used to remove skin cancers.
How many energy levels does yttrium have?
Yttrium Atomic and Orbital Properties
| Atomic Number | 39 |
|---|---|
| Number of Neutrons | 50 |
| Shell structure (Electrons per energy level) | [2, 8, 18, 9, 2] |
| Electron Configuration | [Kr] 4d1 5s2 |
| Valence Electrons | 4d1 5s2 |
What are uses for yttrium?
Yttrium is often used as an additive in alloys. It increases the strength of aluminium and magnesium alloys. It is also used in the making of microwave filters for radar and has been used as a catalyst in ethene polymerisation. Yttrium-aluminium garnet (YAG) is used in lasers that can cut through metals.
Is GGG a natural gem?
Gadolinium Gallium Garnet. A synthetic gemstone used as an early diamond substitute. GGG is manufactured by the Czochralski method and can be manufactured in many colors.
When was YAG laser invented?
1964
1964: Nd:YAG (neodymium-doped YAG) laser invented by Joseph E. Geusic and Richard G. Smith at Bell Labs.
What lasers use optical pumping?
Optical pumping is often used with solid state lasers, like ruby and Nd:YAG. In these materials, there is no possibility of electrical current flow through the material with resultant excitation through collisions with electrons.
Is Nd a YAG laser?
Nd:YAG, or neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet, is one of the more advanced types of laser technology now commonly used for the treatment of a wide range of skin and eye disorders. It is marketed under different brand names, including Cutera, RevLite Q-Switched, and Fotona, among others.
How long does YAG laser last?
The YAG laser procedure is very simple, pain-free and straightforward. It is done in the doctor’s office with no sedation and usually takes between 3 and 5 minutes (time in the clinic is about 2 hours including check-in, preparation, and post procedure check).
What is yttrium aluminum garnet?
Yttrium aluminium garnet. Yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG, Y 3Al 5O 12) is a synthetic crystalline material of the garnet group. It is a cubic yttrium aluminum oxide phase, with other examples being YAlO 3 in a hexagonal or an orthorhombic, perovskite-like form, and the monoclinic Y 4Al 2O 9.
What is the role of neodymium ion in YAG laser?
The dopant, triply ionized neodymium, Nd (III), typically replaces a small fraction (1%) of the yttrium ions in the host crystal structure of the yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG), since the two ions are of similar size. It is the neodymium ion which provides the lasing activity in the crystal, in the same fashion as red chromium ion in ruby lasers.
What is the host material for neodymium?
Other common host materials for neodymium are: YLF (yttrium lithium fluoride, 1047 and 1053 nm), YVO 4 (yttrium orthovanadate, 1064 nm), and glass. A particular host material is chosen in order to obtain a desired combination of optical, mechanical, and thermal properties.
What is the difference between Nd YAG and neodymium YAG?
The added cerium atoms strongly absorb in the ultraviolet region and transfer their energy to the neodymium atoms, increasing the pumping efficiency; the result is lower thermal distortion and higher power output than Nd:YAG at the same pumping level. The lasing wavelength, 1064 nm, is the same as for Nd:YAG.
