Does phenytoin dissolved in water?
Phenytoin is a white, odorless powder at room temperature (Ak- ron 2009). It is practically insoluble in water, but it is soluble in ace- tone, ethanol, and alkali hydroxides (IARC 1996).
What is Diphenylhydantoin used for?
Phenytoin is used to prevent and control seizures (also called an anticonvulsant or antiepileptic drug). It works by reducing the spread of seizure activity in the brain.
Which drug contain hydantoin nucleus?
In pharmaceuticals, hydantoin derivatives form a class of anticonvulsants; phenytoin and fosphenytoin both contain hydantoin moieties and are both used as anticonvulsants in the treatment of seizure disorders.
Is phenytoin an acid or base?
Phenytoin is a weak acid and has erratic GI absorption. Following ingestion, phenytoin precipitates in the stomach’s acid environment; this characteristic is particularly important in the setting of an intentional overdose.
Is phenytoin lipophilic or hydrophilic?
lipophilic
Phenytoin is a lipophilic molecule that is poorly soluble in water and thus it was expected to show good solubility when incorporated into lipid based formulation.
How do you dilute phenytoin injections?
For administration by intravenous infusion phenytoin injection should be diluted in 50 – 100 ml of normal saline, and the final concentration of phenytoin in the solution should not exceed 10 mg/ml, the infusion mixture should not be refrigerated.
How do Hydantoins work?
Hydantoins are a class of drugs mainly used to treat seizures (anticonvulsant or antiepileptic drugs). Hydantoins reduce seizures by targeting the sodium channel present throughout the nerves. Activation of sodium channels results in the conduction of electrical impulses and the release of neurotransmitters.
Why is phenytoin zero order?
Phenytoin follows nonlinear (or zero-order) kinetics at therapeutic concentrations, because the rate of metabolism is close to the maximum capacity of the enzymes involved. In nonlinear kinetics, clearance and half-life fluctuate with plasma concentration.
What are the properties of diphenylhydantoin?
5,5-Diphenylhydantoin Properties. Melting point: 293-295 °C (lit.) Boiling point: 395.45°C (rough estimate) Density. 1.1562 (rough estimate) refractive index.
Is 5-diphenylhydantoin flammable?
5,5-Diphenylhydantoin is an amide. Amides/imides react with azo and diazo compounds to generate toxic gases. Flammable gases are formed by the reaction of organic amides/imides with strong reducing agents. Amides are very weak bases (weaker than water).
What is the brand name for diphenylhydantoin?
Dilantin (Pfizer) [Name previously used: Diphenylhydantoin.]. Phenytoin is a valuable agent for the treatment of generalized tonic–clonic seizures and for the treatment of partial seizures with complex symptoms.
What is the KOC value of 5 5 Dimethylhydantoin?
The Koc of 5,5-dimethylhydantoin is estimated as 13(SRC), using a log Kow of -0.48(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that 5,5-dimethylhydantoin is expected to have very high mobility in soil.