How do you test for chloride ions in concrete?
The chloride ion content of concrete is usually measured in the laboratory using wet chemical analysis. Although laboratory testing is the most accurate, it is time consuming and often takes several weeks before results are available. As a result, field test kits have been developed.
What are the main ways in which chloride ions in the external environment penetrate concrete?
Capillary absorption, hydrostatic pressure, and diffusion are the means by which chloride ions can penetrate concrete.
What is chloride permeability test?
Abstract. Rapid chloride permeability test (RCPT) is one of the widely used test methods to rapidly assess the durability of concrete, specifically its resistance against chloride ion penetrability. Many researchers have questioned the applicability of RCPT in mixes having supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs).
How do you perform a chloride test?
The test for chloride using the confirmatory tests are: Silver nitrate test: The aqueous solution of given salt is reacted with the dilute nitric acid and heat. To this silver nitrate solution is added. This results in the formation of white precipitate which is silver chloride.
What is rapid chloride migration test?
One of the most used methods in assessing the chloride penetration resistance of concrete is the rapid chloride migration test (RCMT). This is an expeditious and simple method but may not be representative of the chloride transport behaviour of concrete in real environment.
What is the test for chlorine?
The test for chlorine can use either type of litmus paper, but blue litmus paper is used most commonly. The litmus paper must be damp – the water dissolves some of the chlorine so that it can react with the indicator on the litmus paper. This test shows that chlorine is a powerful bleach.
What is the test of chloride?
A chloride blood test measures the amount of chloride in your blood. Chloride is a type of electrolyte. Electrolytes are electrically charged minerals that help control the amount of fluids and the balance of acids and bases (pH balance) in your body.
What is water absorption test?
water-absorption test A test to determine the moisture content of soil as a percentage of its dry weight (British Standard 1377, 1967). The sample is weighed, dried in an oven, then reweighed under standard conditions.
What is the rapid chloride permeability test for concrete?
are essential to produce concrete withsignificantly lower chloride permeabil-ity, but this increased concrete qualitycan be observed only at later ages. The Rapid Chloride PermeabilityTest has gained wide acceptance as arelatively easy and quick test method. As we have noted, though, there aremany limitations to the authenticity ofthe test results.
How can we speed up chloride migration through concrete?
Chloride migration through concrete, even in high water/cement ratio concrete, is a very slow process. So researchers looked for a test method that would accelerate this migration. They found that when an electrical current was applied to a concrete specimen it increased and accelerated the rate at which the chlorides migrated into concrete.
Does this test method replicate actual conditions that concrete would experience?
This test method does not replicate actual conditions that concrete would experience in the field. There is no condition where concrete is exposed to a 60-volt potential.