Table of Contents
What are the features of conditioning?
Conditioning is a form of learning in which either (1) a given stimulus (or signal) becomes increasingly effective in evoking a response or (2) a response occurs with increasing regularity in a well-specified and stable environment. The type of reinforcement used will determine the outcome.
How did Skinner’s Box work?
A Skinner Box is a often small chamber that is used to conduct operant conditioning research with animals. Within the chamber, there is usually a lever (for rats) or a key (for pigeons) that an individual animal can operate to obtain a food or water within the chamber as a reinforcer.
What are the basic features in operant conditioning?
Elements of Operant Conditioning
| Element | Effect on Behaviour |
|---|---|
| Positive Reinforcement | Behaviour is increased by reward |
| Negative Reinforcement | Behaviour is increased by avoidance/escape |
| Punishment | Behaviour is decreased by suppression |
| Extinction | Behaviour is eliminated by non-reinforcement |
What are the important elements and characteristics of classical conditioning?
There 5 key elements when discussing Classical Condition which are: Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS), Unconditioned Response (UCR), Neutral Stimulus (NS), Conditioned Stimulus (CS) and Conditioned Response (CR).
What is classical conditioning in the classroom?
Teachers are able to apply classical conditioning in the class by creating a positive classroom environment to help students overcome anxiety or fear. Pairing an anxiety-provoking situation, such as performing in front of a group, with pleasant surroundings helps the student learn new associations.
What did John B. Watson consider himself?
John considered himself as a quiet, lazy, and disobedient student.
Who developed Behaviourism?
John B. Watson
With a 1924 publication, John B. Watson devised methodological behaviorism, which rejected introspective methods and sought to understand behavior by only measuring observable behaviors and events.
What are principles of classical conditioning?
The stages or principles of classical conditioning are acquisition, extinction, Spontaneous recovery, stimulus generalization and Stimulus discrimination.
What is the difference between operant and classical conditioning?
Classical conditioning involves associating an involuntary response and a stimulus, while operant conditioning is about associating a voluntary behavior and a consequence. In operant conditioning, the learner is also rewarded with incentives,5 while classical conditioning involves no such enticements.
What key terms are used in classical conditioning?
Terms to know
- Unconditioned stimulus. This is the thing that triggers an automatic response.
- Unconditioned response.
- Conditioned stimulus.
- Conditioned response.
- Extinction.
- Generalization.
- Discrimination.
How do teachers apply classical conditioning?
What is the importance of classical conditioning?
Classical conditioning emphasizes the importance of learning from the environment, and supports nurture over nature. However, it is limiting to describe behavior solely in terms of either nature or nurture, and attempts to do this underestimate the complexity of human behavior.
What is a critical evaluation of classical conditioning?
Critical Evaluation. Classical conditioning emphasizes the importance of learning from the environment, and supports nurture over nature. However, it is limiting to describe behavior solely in terms of either nature or nurture, and attempts to do this underestimate the complexity of human behavior.
What is an example of Phase 1 of classical conditioning?
Phase 1: Before Conditioning. The first part of the classical conditioning process requires a naturally occurring stimulus that will automatically elicit a response. Salivating in response to the smell of food is a good example of a naturally occurring stimulus.
What is the relationship between UCS and CS in classical conditioning?
The process of classical conditioning occurs in three basic stages : At this stage, the UCS and CS have no relationship. The UCS comes up in the environment and naturally elicits a UCR. The UCR wasn’t taught or learned, it’s a completely innate reaction.
