What body area drains the axillary lymph nodes?
[2] The axillary lymph nodes arrange into five groups based on their anatomical relations. Collectively, they drain the wall of the thorax, breast, arm, and upper abdominal wall above the umbilicus.
How do you detect axillary veins in an axillary dissection?
The axillary vein can be visualized simply as a bluish cord while dissecting yellowish fat globules around it after opening the fibrous fascia. The axillary vein is then dissected downwards and laterally along its course towards the arm.
How many lymph nodes are present along the axillary vein?
There are five axillary lymph node groups, namely the lateral (humeral), anterior (pectoral), posterior (subscapular), central and apical nodes.
Are axillary lymph nodes deep or superficial?
Clinicians divide axillary lymph nodes into three levels. Level II and III lymph nodes are always deep and reported with 38525. Level I nodes may be either deep (reported with 38525) or superficial (38500), depending on the individual patient.
How do you treat axillary lymph nodes?
How is axillary lymphadenopathy treated?
- axillary lymph node removal.
- other surgeries related to the specific cancer, such as lumpectomy for breast cancer.
- chemotherapy.
- radiation therapy.
- targeted therapy.
- immunotherapy.
What is the purpose of axillary lymph node dissection?
Breast cancer can spread to the nearby lymph nodes in the underarms (axillary). The affected lymph nodes must be removed (dissection). This helps stop the cancer from spreading. Axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) is a procedure to remove these lymph nodes.
Is axillary lymph nodes cancerous?
Four or more axillary lymph nodes are cancerous, and internal mammary nodes have micrometastases.
What do axillary lymph nodes do?
The body has about 20 to 40 bean-shaped axillary lymph nodes located in the underarm area. These lymph nodes are responsible for draining lymph – a clear or white fluid made up of white blood cells – from the breasts and surrounding areas, including the neck, the upper arms, and the underarm area.
What causes axillary lymph nodes?
Systematic, non-cancerous causes of enlarged axillary lymph nodes include: Viral infections: mononucleosis, chicken pox, measles, HIV/AIDS and others. Bacterial: tuberculosis, etc. Fungal.
What size axillary lymph node is concerning?
Lymph nodes larger than 1 cm (short axis or least diameter) should be considered suspicious when an abnormality can be suspected on clinical grounds; lymph nodes 2 cm in diameter are considered pathologic regardless of history.