What happens if CN IX is damaged?
Glossopharyngeal nerve lesions produce difficulty swallowing; impairment of taste over the posterior one-third of the tongue and palate; impaired sensation over the posterior one-third of the tongue, palate, and pharynx; an absent gag reflex; and dysfunction of the parotid gland.
What is CN in the brain?
The cranial nerves are a set of 12 paired nerves in the back of your brain. Cranial nerves send electrical signals between your brain, face, neck and torso. Your cranial nerves help you taste, smell, hear and feel sensations. They also help you make facial expressions, blink your eyes and move your tongue.
What symptoms can be identified with a lesion in CN XI?
Generally speaking, any lesion of CN XI will present with paralysis of both trapezius and sternocleidomastoid. This will be typified by wasting of the cranial fibers of the trapezius and all of the sternocleidomastoid, scapular displacement, inability to keep the head in a neutral position (head dropping).
What does CN IX mean?
Glossopharyngeal Nerve
The glossopharyngeal nerve is the ninth set of 12 cranial nerves (CN IX). It provides motor, parasympathetic and sensory information to your mouth and throat. Among its many functions, the nerve helps raise part of your throat, enabling swallowing.
What causes damage to the glossopharyngeal nerve?
Most often the damage is from a blood vessel compressing the nerve. Other causes include aging, multiple sclerosis, and nearby tumors.
What is the main function of CN II?
The optic nerve is the second cranial nerve (CN II) responsible for transmitting visual information.
How does the brain control swallowing?
The medulla oblongata controls breathing, blood pressure, heart rhythms and swallowing. Messages from the cortex to the spinal cord and nerves that branch from the spinal cord are sent through the pons and the brainstem.
How do you check for CN XI?
11th Cranial nerve The 11th (spinal accessory) cranial nerve is evaluated by testing the muscles it supplies: For the sternocleidomastoid, the patient is asked to turn the head against resistance supplied by the examiner’s hand while the examiner palpates the active muscle (opposite the turned head).
How do you assess CN XI?
This involuntary reflex is obtained by touching the back of the pharynx with the tongue depressor and watching the elevation of the palate. CN 11 is tested by asking the patient to shrug their shoulders (trapezius muscles) and turn their head (sternocleidomastoid muscles) against resistance.
How do you test CN IX?
CN IX and CN X nerves can be assessed together:
- Ask the patient to cough (assessing CN X)
- Ask the patient to open the mouth wide and say ‘ah’, using a tongue depressor to visual the palate and posterior pharyngeal wall (assessing CN IX and X) The soft palate should move upwards centrally.
How did I get glossopharyngeal neuralgia?
Possible causes for this type of nerve pain (neuralgia) are: Blood vessels pressing on the glossopharyngeal nerve. Growths at the base of the skull pressing on the glossopharyngeal nerve. Tumors or infections of the throat and mouth pressing on the glossopharyngeal nerve.
What are defects of the cranial nerves IX and X?
Defects may occur anywhere from the brainstem to the peripheral nerve and can result in significant impairment in speech, swallowing, and breathing. Multiple etiologies can produce symptoms. This review will broadly examine the normal functions, clinical examination, and various pathologies of cranial nerves IX and X.
What is the most common syndrome caused by the CN IX?
The most important and common syndrome caused by a disorder of the CN IX is glossopharyngeal neuralgia. Glossopharyngeal neuralgia can be associated with fainting in 1 to 2 percent of affected people due to its reflex association with CN X.
What is the function of the CN IX nerve?
The CN IX is involved in a patient’s ability to swallow because it innervates the stylopharyngeus muscle, which elevates the larynx and pulls it forward during the pharyngeal stage of the swallow. The gag reflex does not test this motor function of the glossopharygeal nerve.
What is the pathophysiology of CN XI?
CN XII leaves the skull through the hypoglossal foramen, which is different than the previous three CNs. The CN XI is somewhat bilaterally innervated at the upper motor neuron level, but with more input from the contralateral hemisphere. Unilateral upper motor neuron lesions result in mild contralateral weakness of the tongue.