What is a pancreatic stellate cell?
Pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) are resident cells of the pancreas and have become a research hotspot in chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer-related fibrosis 4-8. Normally, PSCs are quiescent and regulate extracellular matrix (ECM) production.
What activates pancreatic stellate cells?
Pancreatic stellate cells are activated via paracrine pathways by exogenous factors such as cytokines, oxidant stress, ethanol and its metabolites. Activated PSCs synthesize and secrete endogenous cytokines which influence PSC function via autocrine pathways.
What is a stellate cell?
The stellate cell, previously known as the Ito cell, fat-storing cell, perisinusoidal cell or lipocyte, is a major storage site for vitamin A. In liver injury, it becomes a transitional cell or myofibroblast-like cell capable of synthesising collagen types I, III and IV as well as laminin. 56.
Where can stellate cells be found?
Stellate cells are any neuron in the central nervous system that have a star-like shape formed by dendritic processes radiating from the cell body. Many Stellate cells are GABAergic and are located in the molecular layer of the cerebellum.
What is the function of hepatic stellate cells?
Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are pericytes residing in the perisinusoidal space, between sinusoidal endothelial cells and hepatocytes, store vitamin A, and regulate sinusoidal circulation. Following chronic hepatitis, HSCs actively produce extracellular matrices and cause liver fibrosis.
What is the purpose of stellate cells?
Stellate cells provide the liver with an ability to respond to injury and heal certain types of damage. However, repeated insults result in long lasting fibrosis, which impairs many aspects of hepatic function. In a normal, healthy liver, stellate cells are quiescent.
What does stellate mean?
resembling a star
Definition of stellate : resembling a star (as in shape)
How do stellate cells cause fibrosis?
Importantly, hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) play a key role in the initiation, progression, and regression of liver fibrosis by secreting fibrogenic factors that encourage portal fibrocytes, fibroblasts, and bone marrow-derived myofibroblasts to produce collagen and thereby propagate fibrosis.
What are stellate neurons?
Where are stellate cells?
Stellate cells are located in the space of Diss between LSEC and hepatocytes. Stellate cells store 80% of retinoids in the whole body as retinyl palmitate within cytoplasmic vesicles.
What is the function of stellate cells?
What do stellate cells do in cerebellum?
Stellate and basket cells in the molecular layer of the cerebellum are inhibitory interneurons which control the activity of Purkinje cells. Recent studies using genetic approaches have revealed the important function of these interneurons during behavioral tasks, motor coordination, and motor learning.