What is a sine wave pattern on ECG?
Overview. The sine wave pattern is one of the manifestations of severe hyperkalemia. The sine wave pattern depicts worsening cardiac conduction delay caused by the elevated level of extracellular potassium. The morphology of this sinusoidal pattern on ECG results from the fusion of wide QRS complexes with T waves.
What are the 4 lines on an ECG?
Normal beat generates four entities, each with a distinct pattern: P wave, QRS complex, T wave, and a U wave. P Wave: The presence of a P wave suggests atrial depolarization.
How can you tell hyperkalemia from ECG?
ECG changes have a sequential progression, which roughly correlate with the potassium level. Early changes of hyperkalemia include tall, peaked T waves with a narrow base, best seen in precordial leads ; shortened QT interval; and ST-segment depression.
How do you treat a sine wave?
Effective emergency treatment consists of calcium,1 insulin-glucose, bicarbonate and albuterol nebulizations. To prevent rapid recurrence during hospital course or after discharge the causative condition must be identified.
What does low potassium look like on ECG?
When potassium levels are <2.7 mmol/L, changes in the ECG include dynamic changes in T-wave morphology (T-wave flattening and inversion), ST-segment depression, and U waves, which are often best seen in the mid-precordial leads (V1–V4).
Why is it called AP wave?
His labeling of the primitive tracing was then mixed: A and B, the first letters of the alphabet, were used to indicate ventricular events, and P, from near the middle of the alphabet, was used to indicate atrial events.
How do you interpret ECG waves?
ECG interpretation usually starts with an assessment of the P-wave. The P-wave is a small, positive and smooth wave. It is small because the atria make a relatively small muscle mass.
What are the three main waveforms of the ECG?
The heart’s electrical activity is represented on the monitor or ECG tracing by three basic waveforms: the P wave, the QRS complex, and the T wave. A U wave is sometimes present. Between the waveforms are the following segments and intervals: the PR interval, the PR segment, the ST segment, and the QT interval.
What is the normal ECG reading for sinus bradycardia?
The initial 12-lead ECG (25 mm/sec, 5 mm/mV) obtained on presentation to the emergency department demonstrates a sinus bradycardia with prolonged atrial conduction (flattened and broadened P waves, see arrows), a first-degree atrioventricular block (PQ, 300 ms), and an intraventricular conduction delay (QRS, 160 ms). Figure 2.
What are the electrocardiogram waves?
Electrocardiogram Waves. Waves are the different upward or downward deflections represented on the EKG tracing. They are the product of the action potentials created during the cardiac stimulation, and repeated from one heart beat to another, barring alterations. The electrocardiographic waves are called P, Q, R, S, T,