What is Aux IAA?
Aux/IAA proteins are short-lived nuclear proteins comprising several highly conserved domains that are encoded by the auxin early response gene family. These proteins have specific domains that interact with ARFs and inhibit the transcription of genes activated by ARFs.
How do you extract IAA from plants?
In the classical method, IAA extraction from plant tissues involves liquid nitrogen freezing/lyophilization, grinding/homogenization, treatment with organic solvents and the removal of solid impurities. IAA is a weak polar molecule.
What are the two shared domains that allow ARFs and AUX Iaas to interact?
At the C-terminus, a Phox and Bem1 (PB1) domain (previously called Domain III/IV) allows for interaction with ARFs, whereas an N-terminal domain called an Ethylene-responsive element binding factor-associated amphiphilic repression (EAR) domain (also called Domain I) recruits TPL/TPRs (Leyser, 2018).
Is Aux IAA a repressor?
AUX/IAA proteins are active repressors, and their stability and activity are modulated by auxin. Plant Cell. 2001 Dec;13(12):2809-22.
What is IBA in plants?
Indole-3-butyric acid (1H-indole-3-butanoic acid, IBA) is a plant hormone in the auxin family and is an ingredient in many commercial horticultural plant rooting products. Aside from accelerating root formation, it is used on various crops to stimulate flower development and the growth of fruits.
Who invented auxin?
The Dutch biologist Frits Warmolt Went first described auxins and their role in plant growth in the 1920s.Kenneth V. Thimann became the first to isolate one of these phytohormones and to determine its chemical structure as indole-3-acetic acid (IAA).
How does auxin regulate gene expression?
Previous studies have indicated that auxin regulates these processes by controlling gene expression via a family of functionally distinct DNA-binding auxin response factors (ARFs). ARFs are likely components that confer specificity to auxin response through selection of target genes as transcription factors.
What is the role of DNA-binding transcription factors auxin response factors ARFs in the regulation control of gene expression by the auxin?
Auxin acts on gene expression through a short nuclear pathway that converges upon the activation of a family of DNA-binding transcription factors. These AUXIN RESPONSE FACTORS (ARFs) are thus the effector of auxin response and translate the chemical signal into the regulation of a defined set of genes.
What is IAA in plant tissue culture?
IAA is a derivative of indole, containing a carboxymethyl substituent. It is a colorless solid that is soluble in polar organic solvents. IAA is predominantly produced in the apical bud of and young leaves of plants and is known to be an inducer of cell division and elongation.
Is IAA synthetic auxin?
Solution : NAA (Naphthalene Acetic Acid) and 2,4-D (2.4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid) are synthetic auxins. The term auxin is applied to the indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and to other natural and synthetic compounds having certain growth-regulating properties.
What is Thermoperiodism in plants?
The ability of plants to discriminate between day temperature (DT) and night (NT) temperature is referred to as thermoperiodism (Went 1944, Myster and Moe 1995). Although higher average daily temperature (ADT) generally accelerates floral induction as compared with lower ADT (Blazquez et al.
What are the Aux/IAA proteins?
The Aux/IAA proteins are well-known as the early auxin response proteins and participate in auxin signaling through interacting with ARF proteins as transcriptional repressors [ 7, 9, 62 ]. The functions of Aux/IAA proteins in auxin signaling have been well summarized [ 63, 64 ].
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What is the role of Aux/IAA dimers in gene regulation?
Molecular studies have revealed that Aux/IAA family members can form diverse dimers with ARFs to regulate genes in various ways. Functional analyses of Aux/IAA family members have indicated that they have various roles in plant development, such as root development, shoot growth, and fruit ripening.
Are auxin sensitivities of Arabidopsis Aux/IAAs sensitive to degradation?
Auxin sensitivities of all Arabidopsis Aux/IAAs for degradation in the presence of every TIR1/AFB Auxin plays a key role in regulation of almost all processes of plant growth and development.