What is kindling in epilepsy?
Kindling is a lasting change in brain function that results from repeated focal stimulation and leads to the development of a predisposition to epileptiform convulsions.
How to induce seizure in mice?
To induce SE in mice, first inject scopolamine (0.5 mg/ml, i.p.), followed by an injection of pilocarpine (280 mg/kg; i.p.). If the mouse fails to develop seizure in 30 min after the first injection, 1 or 2 supplemental doses of pilocarpine 30-60 mg/kg, i.p. can be administered to induce SE.
Which of following disease model induced by pentylenetetrazol?
J Vis Exp.
What is the mechanism of action of Pentylenetetrazole?
Abstract. Although animal models based on pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) are widely used, the mechanism by which PTZ elicits its action is not very well understood. At the molecular level, a generally accepted mechanism of PTZ is noncompetitive antagonism of the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)(A) receptor complex.
What is the kindling theory?
Overview of the Kindling Hypothesis The kindling hypothesis (Post, 1992) posits that initial episodes of a mood disorder are more likely to be influenced by psychosocial stressors compared to later episodes, upon which stressors are thought to have less of an effect.
What is the Racine scale?
The Racine scale is an often-used method of evaluating seizure severity in experimental models of epilepsy. Originally, this scale has been developed to describe the progression of limbic seizures with secondary generalization in the amygdala-kindling model [1], [2].
Can mice have epilepsy?
As in humans, seizures in mice are typically detected and classified using a combination of electroencephalography (EEG) and behavioural signs, such as convulsions or myoclonic jerks (Box 1). Although all seizures involve epileptiform brain activity, not all seizures have obvious behavioural manifestations.
What type of epilepsy is induced by pentylenetetrazole?
Amongst all animal models of seizure and epilepsy, the pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures are categorized as a model of generalized seizure (versus partial or focal seizure). It produces a myoclonic seizure that models absence (petit mal) seizures.
What is Pentylenetetrazol used for?
Pentylenetetrazol has been used experimentally to study seizure phenomena and to identify pharmaceuticals that may control seizure susceptibility. For instance, researchers can model status epilepticus in animal models.
Which type of epilepsy is induced by pentylenetetrazole?
How is pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) administered?
This unit discusses in detail the methodology to execute pentylenetetrazol (PTZ; a GABA (A) receptor antagonist)-induced chemical kindling in mice. PTZ is administered chronically at a sub-convulsive dose for a number of days.
What is kindling?
Kindling is a chronic animal model of epilepsy that has been extensively studied to understand the process of epileptogenesis and discover novel anti-epileptic compounds.
How is pentylenetetrazol administered in mice?
This unit discusses in detail the methodology to execute pentylenetetrazol (PTZ; a GABA (A) receptor antagonist)-induced chemical kindling in mice. PTZ is administered chronically at a sub-convulsive dose for a number of days. Seizure score is calculated after each PTZ injection.
What are the three phases of seizure development in pentylenetetrazol-induced kindling animal model?
Introduction: There are three phases of seizure developing in pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-induced kindling animal model: (i) pre-kindling phase; (ii) kindling phase or after animals are fully kindled; (iii) post-kindling phase with non-provoked spontaneous recurrent seizures.