What is Msn2?
Msn2 and Msn4 are zinc finger proteins that share 66% sequence homology. Both proteins bind specifically to the stress response element (STRE)3 5′-AGGGG or 5′-GGGGA during stress (2).
Is transcription localized in the nucleus?
There is abundant evidence that the localization of transcription components in the nucleus is dynamic, reflecting both the cell-cycle stage and the overall transcriptional activity of the cell.
Do transcription factors have nuclear localization signals?
The ability of transcription factors to fulfil their function often depends on their intracellular trafficking between the nucleus and cytoplasm of the cell. The trafficking is regulated by specific sequences, i.e. the nuclear localization signal (NLS) and the nuclear export signal (NES).
Can a protein go from the ER to the nucleus?
ER membrane-bound proteins are translocated into the nucleus directly or by trafficking first to the Golgi from the ER, but both routes give rise to the fragments of the proteins finally entering the nucleus.
What proteins have a nuclear localization signal?
Diverse proteins, such as transcription factors, histones, and cell cycle regulators, need to be transported into the nucleus through the NPC after their synthesis, which necessitates the presence of a nuclear localization signal (NLS) on these cargo proteins [9].
What is the role of the nuclear localization sequence in a nuclear protein?
A nuclear localization signal or sequence (NLS) is an amino acid sequence that ‘tags’ a protein for import into the cell nucleus by nuclear transport. Typically, this signal consists of one or more short sequences of positively charged lysines or arginines exposed on the protein surface.
What transports proteins between the ER and the Golgi apparatus?
COPII-coated vesicles transport cargo proteins from the ER to the Golgi; COPI-coated vesicles transport cargo in the retrograde direction (from the cis-Golgi back to the ER) and between Golgi cisternae; and clathrin-coated vesicles form from the plasma membrane and the TGN to fuse with endosomes or lysosomes (Fig. 1).
Where is nuclear localization signal?
Nuclear localization signals (NLS) are generally short peptides that act as a signal fragment that mediates the transport of proteins from the cytoplasm into the nucleus.
Are msn2p and msn4p zinc finger proteins?
Both Msn2p and Msn4p are Cys2His2 zinc finger protein … Nuclear localization of the C2H2 zinc finger protein Msn2p is regulated by stress and protein kinase A activity Genes Dev. 1998 Feb 15;12(4):586-97.doi: 10.1101/gad.12.4.586. Authors
What is the function of msn2p and msn4p?
Both Msn2p and Msn4p are Cys2His2 zinc finger proteins and bind to the stress response element (STRE). In vivo footprinting studies show that the occupation of STREs is enhanced in stressed cells and dependent on the presence of Msn2p and Msn4p.
Does Msn2 4p have a transcription activating domain?
In their N-terminal halves, Msn2/4p contain transcription-activating domains and a nuclear export sequence (19, 16). At the C-terminus, both proteins contain a zinc-finger binding domain that recognizes the STRE element (2, 9).
Is the msn2p activation region sensitive to stress?
Boy-Marcotte E, et al. (2006) The transcriptional activation region of Msn2p, in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, is regulated by stress but is insensitive to the cAMP signalling pathway. Mol Genet Genomics 275 (3):277-87 PMID: 16489456