What is the best treatment for primary insomnia?

Medications such as diphenhydramine, doxylamine, and trazodone can be used initially, but patients may not tolerate their side effects. Newer medications such as zolpidem and zaleplon have short half-lives and minimal side effects. Both are approved for short-term use in the insomniac.

What are the 4 behavioral tips to improve sleep for insomniacs?

Depending on your needs, your sleep therapist may recommend some of these CBT-I techniques:

• Stimulus control therapy. This method helps remove factors that condition your mind to resist sleep.
• Sleep restriction.
• Sleep hygiene.
• Sleep environment improvement.
• Relaxation training.
• Remaining passively awake.
• Biofeedback.

Is primary insomnia in the DSM 5?

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) makes no distinction between primary and comorbid insomnia.

What are the medical management of insomnia?

Benzodiazepine sedatives such as triazolam (Halcion), estazolam, lorazepam (Ativan), temazepam (Restoril), flurazepam, and quazepam (Doral) and non-benzodiazepine sedatives such as zolpidem (Ambien, Intermezzo), eszopiclone (Lunesta), and zaleplon (Sonata) are drugs that can help induce sleep.

Which of the following agent is used in the treatment of insomnia?

Currently, five BZDs are FDA-approved for the treatment of insomnia: triazolam (Halcion, Pfizer), estazolam (ProSom, Abbott), temazepam (Restoril, Mallinckrodt), quazepam (Doral, Questcor), and flurazepam. All of these agents are Schedule IV controlled substances because of their potential for abuse or dependence.

What is a sleep psychologist called?

Sleep psychologists study sleep and treat sleep disorders. They are highly trained mental health professionals. They develop an understanding of normal and disordered sleep.

What is stimulus control therapy for insomnia?

Stimulus control therapy was designed to help individuals suffering from insomnia to strengthen the bed and bedroom as cues for sleep, to weaken the bed and bedroom as cues for arousal, and to develop a consistent sleep–wake schedule to help maintain improvement [2,3].

What is the diagnostic criteria for insomnia?

The predominant complaint is difficulty initiating or maintaining sleep, or nonrestorative sleep, for at least 1 month. A. A predominant complaint of dissatisfaction with sleep quantity or quality, associated with one (or more) of the following symptoms: Difficulty initiating sleep.

What is the diagnosis for insomnia?

There is no specific test to diagnose insomnia. Your healthcare provider will perform a physical exam and ask questions to learn more about your sleep problems and symptoms. The key information for the diagnosis of insomnia is reviewing your sleep history with your doctor.

What is the official diagnosis for insomnia?

To diagnose insomnia, your healthcare provider may ask about your sleep habits and ask you to keep a sleep diary. Your provider may also recommend healthy lifestyle habits such as a regular sleep schedule, cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia, and medicines to help you manage your insomnia.

What are the psychological treatments for insomnia?

Early psychological treatments for insomnia focused on primary insomnia. Application of behavioral therapeutic approaches in the treatment of insomnia began with interventions such as systematic desensitization,[12] relaxation,[13] hypnosis,[14] biofeedback,[15] and paradoxical intention[16] which targeted hyperarousal associated with insomnia.

What is primary insomnia (psychophysiologic insomnia)?

Primary insomnia is referred to as “psychophysiologic insomnia” in the international classification of sleep disorders-revised (ICSD-R) proposed by the American Sleep Disorders Association and endorsed by the American Academy of Sleep Medicine.[3]

How is insomnia defined in the DSM?

The American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) 5 defines insomnia as a complaint regarding the quantity, quality, or sleep timing at least 3 times a week for at least 1 month. Sleep is divided into rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and non-REM sleep.

Do hypnotic drugs and CBT interventions help insomnia?

CONCLUSION Insomnia is widely prevalent in the general population and most patients with insomnia remain untreated. Hypnotic drugs and CBT interventions are both effective intervention with the latter associated with several advantages over the former.