What is the history of Duchenne muscular dystrophy?

DMD was first described by the French neurologist Guillaume Benjamin Amand Duchenne in the 1860s, but until the 1980s, little was known about the cause of any kind of muscular dystrophy. In 1986, MDA-supported researchers identified a particular gene on the X chromosome that, when flawed (mutated), leads to DMD.

What is the history of muscular dystrophy?

The first historical account of MD was reported by Conte and Gioja in 1836. They described two brothers with progressive weakness starting at age 10 years. These boys later developed generalized weakness and hypertrophy of multiple muscle groups, which are now known to be characteristic of the milder Becker MD.

What is the pathophysiology of Duchenne muscular dystrophy?

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is caused by mutations in the gene that encodes the 427-kDa cytoskeletal protein dystrophin. Increased knowledge of the function of dystrophin and its role in muscle has led to a greater understanding of the pathogenesis of DMD.

What is Duchenne muscular dystrophy Wikipedia?

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a severe type of muscular dystrophy that primarily affects boys. Muscle weakness usually begins around the age of four, and worsens quickly. Muscle loss typically occurs first in the thighs and pelvis followed by the arms. This can result in trouble standing up.

Who was the first person with muscular dystrophy?

What causes muscular dystrophy?

In most cases, muscular dystrophy (MD) runs in families. It usually develops after inheriting a faulty gene from one or both parents. MD is caused by mutations (alterations) in the genes responsible for healthy muscle structure and function.

What are the types of muscular dystrophy?

Types of Muscular Dystrophy

• Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy.
• Becker Muscular Dystrophy.
• Congenital Muscular Dystrophy.
• Myotonic Muscular Dystrophy.
• Limb-Girdle Muscular Dystrophy.
• Facioscapulohumeral Muscular Dystrophy.
• Emery–Dreifuss Muscular Dystrophy.
• Distal Muscular Dystrophy.

What does muscular dystrophy do?

Muscular dystrophy is a group of diseases that cause progressive weakness and loss of muscle mass. In muscular dystrophy, abnormal genes (mutations) interfere with the production of proteins needed to form healthy muscle.

What is the classification of muscular dystrophy?

There are 30 different types of muscular dystrophy that are classified into nine categories. These categories are Becker, Congenital, Duchenne, Distal, Emery-Dreifuss, Facioscapulohumeral, Limb-Girdle, Myotonic, and Oculopharyngeal.

Who affects DMD?

Duchenne muscular dystrophy mostly affects boys and occurs in one in 3,500 to 5,000 newborns. There is no higher risk for any ethnic group. Children affected by DMD may have some degree of cognitive problems, yet some have average or even higher-than-average intelligence.

How many types of muscular dystrophy are there?

There are 9 types of muscular dystrophy, with each type involving an eventual loss of strength, increasing disability, and possible deformity. The most well known of the muscular dystrophies is Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), followed by Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD).

What are 3 types of muscular dystrophy?