What is the reservoir for Leishmania donovani?

Domestic animals are reservoirs for L. donovani complex spp., particularly L. infantum, in other endemic areas. Multiple studies using quantitative PCR or serological detection methods have demonstrated that goats, cattle, rats and dogs were diagnostically positive for L.

How many hosts does leishmaniasis have?

Some 70 animal species, including humans, have been found as natural reservoir hosts of Leishmania parasites.

What causes visceral leishmaniasis?

Visceral leishmaniasis, the most severe form of leishmaniasis also known as kala-azar, is a life-threatening disease caused by Leishmania parasites which are transmitted by female sandflies. Visceral leishmaniasis causes fever, weight loss, spleen and liver enlargement, and, if not treated, death.

Which of the following transmits visceral leishmaniasis?

These parasites are transmitted to humans by the bite of an infected female phlebotomine sandfly, a tiny – 2–3 mm long – insect vector. There are three main forms of the disease: cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), visceral leishmaniasis (VL), also known as kala-azar, and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (MCL).

What is the reservoir host for L Major?

The principal reservoirs are dogs and humans. Phlebotomus papatasi, Phlebotomus sergenti, and Phlebotomus chadaudi are vectors. Leishmania aethiopica is endemic in the Ethiopian highlands and Kenya, where it produces simple cutaneous and diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis. Hyraxes serve as reservoirs.

What is the reservoir of kala-azar?

The reservoir of infection for Indian kala-azar is humans, whereas it is rodents for African kala-azar, foxes in Brazil and Central Asia, and canines for the Mediterranean and Chinese kala-azar. Other mammalian reservoirs for the Leishmania parasite include equines and monkeys.

What is the reservoir of kala azar?

Why is VL called kala-azar?

History. Kala-azar first came to the attention of Western doctors in 1824 in Jessore, India (now Bangladesh), where it was initially thought to be a form of malaria. Assam gave kala-azar one of its common names, Assam fever.

How do you administer a sodium stibogluconate injection?

Sodium stibogluconate is usually administered by intravenous or intramuscular injection daily at a dose of 20 mg/kg/day (maximum 850 mg) for 21–28 days. Intralesional injections may be used for a single lesion or a few small lesions of cutaneous leishmaniasis.

What is the host of leishmaniasis?

What is the vector of leishmaniasis?

Leishmaniasis is a vector-borne disease that is transmitted by sandflies and caused by obligate intracellular protozoa of the genus Leishmania. Human infection is caused by about 21 of 30 species that infect mammals.