What is Theileria annulata?
Theileria annulata is a tick-borne hemoprotozoan parasite responsible for tropical theileriosis in the bovine population, which causes substantial economic losses to the livestock sector.
What happens in Theileria?
Theileria parva causes East Coast fever which results from infected lymphocytes. East Coast fever has symptoms of anorexia, fever, enlarged lymph nodes which can cause lymphadenopathy. Less common symptoms include diarrhea and nasal discharge.
What is the pathogen for theileriosis?
Theileria lestoquardi (T. hirci), which causes Malignant ovine theileriosis (MOT), Theileria uilenbergi and Theileria luwenshuni are the most pathogenic species of economic significance infecting small ruminants.
Who described theileria Parva?
A background to East Coast fever, a lethal bovine disease present in sub-Saharan Africa. In the early 1900s, Dr. Arnold Theiler recognized that Theileria parva was the causative agent of ECF in South Africa (Theiler, 1912).
Can Theileria infect humans?
divergens, are the major pathogenetic species of piroplasms causing human infections. However, some Theileria species can also cause severe acute diseases in humans as human theileriosis [25, 26].
What causes January disease in cattle?
Theileriosis is a disease caused by a species of theileria; a blood-borne parasite that only affects cattle and is primarily transmitted by ticks that feed on cattle. A single infected tick can spread the disease to another animal through its saliva when it feeds on it.
How do you treat cattle theileria?
There is currently no drug registered in Australia for the treatment of benign theileriosis. Some vets have reported good responses to treatment with oxytetracycline or imidocarb of mildly affected animals when administered early in the course of the disease, but poor responses in severely affected animals.
Theileria annulata is a member of the Apicomplexa group, like T. parva, the cause of East Coast fever. It is highly virulent for European dairy cattle, whereas infection in local zebu cattle is often subclinical.
What is Theileria theileriasis?
Theileriasis is a protozoan infection of wild and domestic Bovidae, which occurs throughout the world. The Theileria spp. are transmitted by ixodid ticks and have complex life cycles in both vertebrate host and vector, with sexual reproduction occurring in the tick.
What is tropical theileriosis?
Tropical theileriosis is caused by the protozoan parasite Theileria annulata and affects cattle from the Mediterranean to China. The parasite, which is transmitted by ticks, infects leukocytes to form macro- and microschizonts – microschizonts produce merozoites that can infect red blood cells.
What is the pathophysiology of anemia in theileriosis?
Possible mechanisms of anemia in theileriosis include invasion of erythroid precursors by merozoite stages and associated erythroid hypoplasia (as occurs with T. parva infection), immune-mediated hemolysis, mechanical fragmentation because of vasculitis or microthrombi, enzymatic destruction by proteases, and oxidative damage.