What are the treatments of protein-energy malnutrition?
Milk-based formulas are the treatment of choice. At the beginning of dietary treatment, patients should be fed ad libitum. After 1 week, intake rates should approach 175 kcal/kg and 4 g/kg of protein for children and 60 kcal/kg and 2 g/kg of protein for adults. A daily multivitamin should also be added.
What are the 3 preventive measures of PEM?
Mild or moderate PEM are best judged by anthropometry; regular weighing, for monitoring growth, may be a useful control strategy. Because infections play such an important role in PEM, three practical approaches-immunization, deworming of children, and oral rehydration therapy for diarrhea–are discussed.
What is PEM PDF?
Protein energy malnutrition (PEM) is a common problem worldwide and occurs in both developing and industrialized nations. In the developing world, it is frequently a result of socioeconomic, political, or environmental factors.
How can protein-energy malnutrition be overcome?
Worldwide, the most important PEU preventive strategy is to reduce poverty and improve nutritional education and public health measures. Mild or moderate PEU, including brief starvation, can be treated by providing a balanced diet, preferably orally.
What medication is used for malnutrition?
There is no single medication to treat malnutrition. Management of patients with malnutrition starts with treating any metabolic derangements (eg, hypoglycemia, hypokalemia). If the patient is hypothermic, he or she should be warmed appropriately.
What are the types of PEM?
Protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) is classically described as 1 of 2 syndromes, marasmus and kwashiorkor, depending on the presence or absence of edema. Each type may be classified as acute or chronic. Additionally, marasmus can precede kwashiorkor. Many patients exhibit symptoms of both disease states.
What are the clinical features of PEM?
Clinical signs and symptoms of protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) include the following: Poor weight gain. Slowing of linear growth. Behavioral changes – Irritability, apathy, decreased social responsiveness, anxiety, and attention deficits.
What is marasmus PDF?
Marasmus is a severe manifestation of protein-energy malnutrition. It occurs as a result of total calorie insufficiency. This leads to overt loss of adipose tissue and muscle. The child may have a weight-for-height value which is more than. 3 standard deviations below the average for age or sex.
What is Malnutrion PDF?
Malnutrition is the inadequate or excess intake of protein, carbohydrates, fat, vitamins and minerals, to meet the daily nutritional requirements of an individual. • ● • Malnutrition may be overnutrition or undernutrition.
What is the function of protein-energy malnutrition?
Protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) is a common childhood disorder and is primarily caused by deficiency of energy, protein, and micronutrients. PEM manifests as underweight (low body weight compared with healthy peers), stunting (poor linear growth), wasting (acute weight loss), or edematous malnutrition (kwashiorkor).
What diet is recommended for protein energy malnutrition?
– Swollen Abdomen and liver – Weight loss – Retarded growth – Peripheral Oedema – Skin change
How does protein give us energy?
Eating a diet higher in protein may help us feel fuller.
What are the symptoms of protein energy malnutrition?
Undernutrition. Undernutrition is the insufficient intake of necessary nutrients and energy to meet an individual’s need to maintain good health.
Does protein supply energy?
While proteins have other primary roles, they can also supply energy whenever carbohydrates are not available. Carbohydrates are the macronutrients your body needs in the greatest amounts. Indeed, the daily recommendation is to get 45 to 65 percent of your calories from carbs.