Month: August 2019

You need to prepare a report, but have you never done so? A ready-made report example is not quite able to help understand the writing process. You need to understand who, why and how the report is written.

What is a report?

The report is a work in which the student briefly and essentially reveals a question, process, biography, etc. Abstracts play an important role in writing the report. This is the basis of the report. The report should be small, this is a maximum of 5 pages.

How to prepare a report?

1. The first is topic selection

Choose your current topic that interests you. Do not take too broad a topic or a detailed study. You will have to present new interesting facts, and it will be easier to do if people are unfamiliar with it. If your topic is wide, narrow it down to a specific aspect. It will be so much easier.

If you took a topic and cannot find any information at all, do not drag and change the subject.

2. The second is information gathering

The first source of information now is the Internet. But do not rely only on him. Firstly, there may be unverified facts on the Internet, and secondly, scientists (if you make a report at the university) are incredulous about such a source. Use only official sites. Do not refer to online sources.

Be sure to use several textbooks, scientific papers, articles, etc. There can be a ton of useful information that you will not find anywhere else. Therefore, be sure to go to the library.

You must have several sources of information. If you use one, the teacher will immediately notice it.

3. Third – Planning

Outline the outline of the report based on the information available. It should be built logically and simply. The facts can be stated in chronological order or any other that will fully and systematically reveal the essence of the issue. Do not pile up the facts. Choose a way to present the material so that the listener is interested. Give interesting information in portions, arguing for each thesis and reinforcing it with facts.

4. Fourth – Writing

If your report involves the analysis of information, feel free to express your point of view. Add life to the report. Use terminology, but not often and not too much. The speech should be as simple and straightforward as possible so that a person who does not know what you are talking about understands everything at a glance. All complex terms need to be clarified.

After writing the report, prepare a short version. Reading five pages is illogical. Make a brief selection based on theses. This will help you not to get lost on the defense.

Before writing, you can take an example from a teacher to understand how he wants to see it. It sometimes happens that you are expected to be more likely to evaluate and characterize information, and sometimes only facts and quotes from authoritative sources.

The report is written in Times New Roman font, size 14, single line spacing. Fields are set at 2 cm on all sides. At the end, be sure to provide a list of sources used.

Do not delay writing the report. It will take a lot more time than it seems. Moreover, if you do not have something to develop with the topic, you will not have time to change it or consult a teacher.

The title page of the report is the face of all your work, so you need to pay special attention to it. Moreover, they see him first when they pick up your work, and if it is incorrectly designed, it immediately catches your eye.

What is the title page of the report for?

The main task of the title page is to convey information to the reader on the following points:

• information about the topic of the study and the subject on which the report is being written;
• information about the faculty and the department within which the work was performed;
• information about who wrote the work and its leaders;
• information about the institution itself,
• information about the place and year of completion of this work.

In addition to the data listed above, there should not be any other information on the title page, since it will be considered superfluous and for this, even, the rating for all the work can be lowered.

Rules for designing the title page of the report

The whole report should be drawn up on A4 sheets of fluent color. At the very top in the middle you should indicate the full (without abbreviations) name of your educational institution.

Having retreated 3-4 lines, in the center write: REPORT (in capital letters).

On the next line is the name of the discipline in which this work is written. Further, the line below, we write – On the topic: “…” (the topic is in quotation marks).

After retreating another 2 lines, on the right side, we indicate our educational position (student, student), put a colon and indicate our full name (full name, first name and middle name – initials).

On the next line we write: The teacher, his academic degree, last name and initials.

At the very bottom of the sheet, in the middle, write the city, and the line below (also in the center) is the year the work was completed.

Indentation and title page frame sizes

Fields of the report: left margin – 3 centimeters, right margin – 1.5 centimeters, upper margin – 2 centimeters, lower margin – 2 centimeters;

Alignment must be performed in the center, except for the executor (that is, you) and the teacher;

• Font for text “Times New Roman”;
• Font color – black;
• Font size – 12-14;
• Interval – single
• The subject of the work is highlighted in bold or in capital letters.

Additional and important information on the title page of the report

You should not come up with a long topic title for your report, as this, firstly, will take up a lot of space on the title page, and secondly, it will mean a commission, because the title should convey only the most important idea. And the disclosure of the topic should only be inside the work itself.

Scientists are very sensitive to their rank and their scientific degree. Therefore, do not forget to clarify these data at the department or your supervisor and insert them in the title page, otherwise you risk offending your scientific mentor.

If for some reason you can’t do the design of the title page yourself, you can download a ready-made template from the Internet. Here it is only worth paying attention to the fact that it was of the year when you write the work and meet the standards.

Also, it is worth clarifying at your department whether they have any special requirements for the design of the title page. It often happens that educational institutions put forward their requirements for some parameters.

A research paper is a secondary work in its essence. The author of the research paper summarizes information from various sources, supplementing them with his conclusions. A mandatory requirement is the formation of a list of sources used, on which the research paper is based.

Why is the bibliography written in the research paper

Teachers require a research paper with a list of used literature. This requirement has a logical rationale:

• From the point of view of scientific ethics, it is correct to indicate the list of literature in the research paper so as not to give out other people’s thoughts and developments as their own. To list the authors and their works is a kind of tribute to their achievements.
• From the point of view of achieving the educational goals of writing a research paper, the list of references at the end of the research paper gives the teacher the opportunity to assess how authoritative and relevant sources were used.
• The number of sources used in the research paper also matters.

Example 1

For example, if the list of references contains 1-2 points, it is doubtful that the topic will be considered multilaterally. For small essays on non-debatable topics, it is enough to use 5-7 sources, for more voluminous (or on topics that cause heated debate among scientists) – 10-20 sources.

How to write a list of references in the research paper

General provisions regarding how to properly drawn up the list of references in the research paper:

• The list of references is placed at the end of the research paper, after the conclusion. If the research paper has applications, then applications follow the list.
• The list starts on a new page. At the top of the page is the heading – “List of references” (sometimes the teacher requires that this section be titled differently – “Literature”, “List of references”, “List of references”).
• The list lists all sources used in writing the work – both printed on paper and electronic.

Example 2

A common mistake is the inclusion in the list of sources to which there are no references in the work (the student looked at the book, did not find anything useful in it for his research, but included it in the list of references).

• Sorting the list of references in the research paper is carried out according to the model provided by the teacher. Different options are allowed. The most common is a mixed scheme, when legislative acts are allocated to the first category being placed, and then they are followed by other sources in alphabetical order. Another popular sorting scheme is in the order in which the sources are mentioned in the text.
• Each source in the list has its own number (1, 2, 3 …). These numbers can be used in links that are made according to the text of the work in square brackets – for example, [5, p. 16] means that the quote is taken from the fifth source, from page 16.

How to draw up literature in the research paper

For different types of sources (law, book, part of a book, an article in a periodical, an electronic resource, an archival document), their own description templates are provided that include different details. This is understandable: for the book, you can specify the year of publication and the publisher, but the site does not have such information.

You can draw up elements of the list of references in the research paper according to samples. But in educational works, simplification is usually allowed (some details are not indicated).

How to make a bibliography for research paper in MS Word

For a long time no one writes essays by hand, preferring to use text editors. The list of references provides for a similar design – print. In MS Word, on the “Links” tab, there is a special tool – “Links and References”. If you add used sources (filling is done by fields – author, title, year, etc.), then the editor will generate a list of references (moreover, there is a possibility to choose the way of designing this list).

A more familiar approach is to make a list of references in the research paper in manual mode. Then you just need to use a numbered list, and type the text (the description of the sources itself) yourself. Moreover, the use of a numbered list allows you to make automatically updated cross-references in the text to the specified sources.

Despite the fact that any university has its own requirements for the design of any type of work, there are basic standards that should be followed when writing the title page of a research paper. This is extremely important, because in case of incorrect design, the teacher can lower the grade. To avoid this situation, you can order all the work with us. After receiving the finished version, you will have as many as 20 days to check the essay for deficiencies and require revision. Well, or read the rules for the design of the title page of research papers below.

So, you wrote a research paper, what are the requirements for the title page of a research paper, and how does it differ from others? Let’s try to figure it out.

Clearance requirements

• Because The title page is the first; it is not numbered. Typically, numbering begins only with the introduction.
• Throughout the text of the work, including the title page, the same fields should be maintained. The standards are as follows: the left margin is 3 cm, the right margin is 1.5 cm, the upper and lower margins are 2 cm each. The need to leave such a large space on the left is due to the fact that usually all these works are attached to a folder just on the left side.
• The contents of the title page should be aligned differently. The main part is aligned in the center, the column that begins with “completed work …” – on the right.
• The font should be the same as in the whole work – Times New Roman. Italics cannot be used, but bold highlighting is often used to name a research paper. You can also highlight in capital letters.

The title page indicates:

Above: the name of the educational institution, the name of the department.

In the center: title of the research paper.

Below right: the work was performed by a student of the X course, Y group, his name and surname. Below: I checked the work.

At the very bottom: the city and below a year.

In fact, there is nothing particularly complicated in order to draw up the title page of the research paper. That’s right to draw up an essay – is much more complicated. Therefore, having taken up work, read all available information on this subject or simply order a research paper from us.

The mark for the essay is not included in the set off, but it is this type of work that teachers often use in intermediate certification and to allow final certification in the subject. Often – especially for correspondence students – to get a set-off, it is enough to write a good research paper. A research paper can also be considered as a preparatory stage for more serious scientific work.

What is a research paper

All pupils and students write essays, but few do it right. Often, students fail to write a research paper beautifully, and they slide into an ordinary report, which has little to do with real scientific mini-work.

Definition 1

A research paper is an abridged retelling of the contents of a primary document or documents with basic factual information.

Those. the essence of this work is to retell and summarize the information received on this topic. Training essays can be divided into two categories:

• Research paper on one source. This may be an essay on an article, a book. Such work involves the study of one primary source, highlighting the main thoughts, presenting them (with reinforcement by quotes) and formulating conclusions.
• Research paper on several sources, for the disclosure of a specific topic. In this option, the student must select several sources on the topic, preferably containing different author’s positions on the subject of research, analyze them and draw their own conclusions. Be sure to write the sources used in the research paper, and when quoting make links to them.

The research paper should not be reduced to copying a source or compiling material from two or three sources. Methods for writing an essay involve the processing of material by the author.

What are the parts of the research paper

To write a research paper, you need to include the following structural elements:

• Title page.
• Contents (table of contents).
• Introductory part (introduction).
• The main text, which can be divided into sections and subsections.
• The final part (conclusion).
• The list of used literature.
• Attachments (optional item).

The rules for writing an essay suggest that the ratio between the volumes of the parts will be maintained. The title page and content occupy one page. About 70-80% of the research paper volume falls on the bulk, 5% on introduction and conclusion.

Example 1

Consider how to write a research paper of 20 pages. A sample plan (shown as an example) indicating the volume in pages:

• Title page – 1 page.
• Table of Contents – 1 page.
• Introduction – 1 page.
• The first chapter is 7 pages.
• The second chapter is 8 pages.
• Conclusion – 1 page.
• List of sources – 1 page.

In this case, the introduction and conclusion account for 5% of the volume, and the bulk of 75%.

Stages of work on the research paper

The rules for writing an essay for students imply the sequential implementation of the following actions:

• Selection of the topic of the research paper.
• Writing a plan.
• Literature selection and sorting.
• Direct writing of a research paper.
• Presentation of the research paper.

In order to write a high-quality essay, they must be carried out in stages, without missing any of the points.

Let us dwell in more detail on some stages, which are largely due to the requirements for the essay.

As for the choice of topics, most often for essays choose the most relevant topics. But no one has canceled the classics, so from year to year students write works on hackneyed topics that just need to be covered. It is common practice when a teacher gives a student a topic without leaving room for decision-making. But if you have a choice, no doubt, stop at something relevant and interesting to you personally.

Start writing a specific essay should be a plan. Many students neglect this (someone really can do without it, and someone is just lazy). The bottom line is that the lack of a plan can lead to a departure from the topic, which is a gross mistake.

At the stage of selecting literature, it is necessary to separate verified information from unverified information, sort out facts that are already beyond the scope of the topic, and leave only the most necessary and relevant. Further information is ordered in accordance with the points of the plan.

The correct spelling of the introduction in the research paper involves the substantiation of the relevance of the topic, an indication of the goals and objectives of the work, a review of the literature.

Information characterizing the subject of research should be written in the main part of the research paper.

The conclusion should contain conclusions on the topic.

How to write a research paper

When evaluating an essay, teachers pay attention to two criteria:

• The content of the research paper.
• Design research paper.

A few tips for writing a meaningful essay:

• Do not delay writing the essay at the last moment. Although this type of work does not require such a thorough study of the material as the term paper, the margin of time will be very useful if there are problems with the selection of material.
• The easiest way to select material is to write a report title in the search bar. But with this method, it is likely to get links to the database of finished essays, the quality and relevance of which are very doubtful. It may be useful to download a sample of the research paper, look at the plans and references, but it is better to take information from more authoritative sources.
• When writing a research paper, you need to use not only textbooks, but also monographs and articles in periodicals. You can go to the university library or use the online libraries, many of which are free. It is optimal to use literature no older than 3-5 years, but exceptions may be made for classics (or when reviewing the history of the issue).

How to draw up a research paper

Writing a research paper correctly in terms of design will help the template, which should be taken from the teacher or at the department. If there is no such template, you can focus on standard requirements:

• The title page contains information about the university, department, topic of the essay, discipline, student and teacher data, city and year of writing.
• The table of contents indicates the parts of the research paper and the pages on which they begin.
• The research paper is printed in 14 fonts with 1.5 spacing, without spacing between paragraphs, the indentation of the first line is 1.25 cm. Throughout the research paper, a single font design (Times New Roman) is used, highlighting in bold is unacceptable.
• Each section begins with a new page. Subsections are written throughout the page.
• The sources used must necessarily be referenced in the text of the research paper. As a rule, footnotes should be written in square brackets (source number and page from which the material was taken).

When writing an essay clearly follow all the requirements for its design. This will help you avoid mistakes not only at the moment, but also in the future, when writing term papers or theses. Indeed, the main task of the research paper is to teach you to work independently with literature and other sources of information, while highlighting from it the main thing that relates to the topic under study. Sloppy, incorrect design of the work is unacceptable.

Common mistakes when writing a research paper

When writing an essay, students make fairly typical mistakes:

• Too much volume.

Example 2

The usual length of the research paper is 15-20 pages. But sometimes a student finds a lot of interesting information, and prints a research paper of 30-40 pages. This does not indicate a deep study of the topic, but the inability to highlight the main thing. Most likely, the teacher will not accept this work (or greatly reduce the grade).

• Although a lecture is a secondary work based on the work of others, the author of the lecture must also express his opinion and draw personal conclusions. Material from books and articles should either be made out as a quote, or be processed, retold in your own words. Many universities check research papers using anti-plagiarism systems, and the detection of illegal borrowing can cause the research paper to be sent for rework.
• Use of irrelevant information. In economics, jurisprudence, technical and many other disciplines, information quickly becomes obsolete. What was true 5-10 years ago has now become invalid. Therefore, when writing essays, you need to use not only textbooks (even if they were recently published), but also check them using more quickly updated sources.

Example 3

So, if in the research paper there are references to laws, they must be verified according to the current editions from reference legal systems, statistical data – according to the publications of the relevant services.

• Using a small number of sources. Sometimes a student finds a book that, at first glance, looks perfect on a topic, and takes all the information from it alone. But in any topic there is room for scientific discussion, other authors may have a different position on the same issue, and it is advisable to highlight different points of view in the research paper (at least to indicate their existence).

Of course, it is difficult to write an introduction and conclusion of a coursework, but still the main information is carried in the first and second chapters, theoretical and practical, respectively. Therefore, if you have a well-written introduction of a coursework, and in the main part failure, a good grade from a responsible teacher will be difficult for you to get.

Main part plan

The main part of the course work, as a rule, consists of two or three chapters. The first chapter is a theoretical base, the second (if there are only three chapters) is the historical part, and the third is practice. If the topic is not so extensive, then it is quite possible to do with two chapters. It is important that each chapter should consist of at least two paragraphs. When formulating the names of them, you need to make sure that they do not repeat.

In order not to waste time on all these rules, you can order a coursework from us for a small amount of money. Our authors give guarantees that everything will be completed on time. In addition, after you have received the work, we give a 20-day guarantee so that you can finish your coursework, if necessary. So, if you have more important things to do, order coursework from us on the exchange.

Building the main part

The division into practical and theoretical parts is rather arbitrary and depends primarily on the course topic chosen. Suppose if your work is based on a comparison of two enterprises or publications, then you can describe the theoretical basis and create a comparison method in the first chapter, and carry out the analysis in the second chapter. And you can do it differently: give the first chapter under the first enterprise, the second under the second, and devote the third chapter to the comparison itself. In short, you decide. In this matter, it is best to consult with the supervisor. He will tell you how intelligent it will be to divide your coursework.

The composition of the main part

In this part, the theoretical data of various sources are analyzed, the arguments and the author’s approach to this problem are given, and various points of view are considered. In the practical part, it is necessary to describe the techniques that the student uses to study the problem. Techniques can be taken from other materials, and can be invented independently.

When writing a coursework, it is important to correctly determine how many sheets it should have. Course work should not be too small or too large.

How many pages should be in the coursework

Many factors influence how much course work is considered ideal. We indicate the main ones:

• Scientific discipline. Coursework can be written as a humanitarian discipline and be abstract in nature, and on the technical, with the development of a device or program, numerous schemes and calculations. The volume in the pages in this case differs significantly.
• Course of Study. From first-year students are usually expected as a course paper, and determining the amount of such a coursework should be, set the frame 30-35 sheets. Undergraduates can write serious studies, close to the diploma, their volume can reach 40-60 sheets.
• The complexity of the topic. This is quite a controversial factor. There are topics that require a much larger volume for disclosure, and there are those that are enough and 25 pages.

The size of the course work on state standards

The amount of coursework in 2019 is not regulated. In other words, none of the many standards indicate how many sheets should be in the course. At the same time, they can draw useful information on the structure of the work, which will indirectly help determine the volume. Structural elements required for decoration:

1. Title page. Always takes one page.
2. Table of Contents (content). In courseworks, it is usually also placed on 1 page, but due to the large number of applications or long item names it can take 2 pages.
3. Introduction to 2-3 pages.
4. The main part of the work, divided into sections and subsections. The standard is the division into 2-3 chapters of 2-3 points in them.
5. The conclusion is approximately the same volume as the introduction.
6. List of sources used.
7. Applications.

How to determine the amount of coursework

The required number of pages is not set according to the standard, but most often it is specified in the guidelines or oral recommendations of the teacher. Let us consider how to understand what a “coursework with 30-35 pages” is.

• Applications are never included in the total.

Example 1

Some topics require huge applications: for example, when developing a program, the code listing can take dozens of pages, this does not free the student from writing the text part.

• Structural elements such as a title page, a table of contents and a list of references may or may not be taken into account – different universities have different approaches to this issue. They are numbered.
• The introduction, conclusion and main part are always included in the prescribed volume. The only exception is when the training manual specifies requirements not for the total amount of work, but specifically for the volume of the main part of the work. Then only pages in chapters are counted.

Volume Advice Tips

To avoid any claims to the volume of your course work, you need to do the following:

1. Learn from the head, how many pages should be in the course.
2. Subtract from the total page size, necessary for the required structural elements (all but the main part of the work) – approximately 8 pages (2 pages each for introduction, conclusion, list of references, plus the title page and content).
3. Divide the remainder by the number of chapters and paragraphs: for scientific works, it is recommended to maintain a balance between the constituent parts, they should not be too different. So you will get what the approximate amount of the course work paragraph should be. When writing, try to keep it at least approximately.