Category: Interesting

Writing a thesis – the crown of all the years of student education in higher education. You were afraid of this moment and went to it for several years of your life. And naturally no one knows from which side to approach the writing of the first great scientific work in life. The model of the thesis is very simple.

Consider writing a thesis on points. Having built a scheme of action, you can quickly navigate.

Supervisor

It all starts with the choice of the head. It must be a competent teacher. It is good if you have already written coursework and other works with him. Even better if you have a good relationship with him.

The head of the thesis should help and guide you. In addition, the grade and deadlines for graduation significantly depend on it.

Choose carefully and better in advance, as many universities practice automatic separation of students according to teachers. Agree in advance and defend your choice.

An important point – the scientific title. The higher it is, the better at protection. On the other hand, the higher the title of manager, the less participation he will be able to take in writing your work. This is not a one hundred percent probability, but a very common practice. Choose you.

Preparing to write a thesis

Choosing a manager, you must decide on the topic of work. The manager should help you formulate it as best as possible and more accurately. Based on the topic, you will build your future work.

Next, you prepare a work plan.

The next stage is the collection of material. Gradually, according to the plan, you should collect a maximum of material from textbooks, monographs, abstracts, etc. Another wealth of information is the Internet. Here you need to be careful and check the data, since no one can vouch for their accuracy.

Collection of practical material. An important part of the thesis is the data that the student received himself. Predegree practice is reserved for this. You should have enough material to build a theory and draw conclusions. This is a very important point in the protection of the thesis.

Writing a thesis

The thesis consists of the following parts:

• Title page
• Table of contents
• Introduction
• Main part
• findings
• Applications
• References

The introduction should be about 5 pages. It marks the subject of the thesis, relevance, subject, object, goals, objectives, etc.

The main part consists, as a rule, of two sections: theory and practice. Each of them, in turn, may consist of several parts.

In the theoretical section, you should as fully and concisely state the information received from sources regarding the topic of the thesis. The statement of the theory should be structured and logical.

In the practical section you present your own development. Show the obtained practical data and analyze them carefully. All information must be documented (photocopies, images, graphs, tables) in the annexes.

In the conclusions you summarize all the work done, the information collected. It is important to make this part of the thesis well, because attention is paid mostly to the introduction and conclusions. Few people will read your thesis completely.

To issue a thesis

The thesis must be issued in accordance with all standards set forth by the standard. Before signing, you will need to go through normal control. A sample of the thesis and its design can be viewed at your department. It is better to immediately set the necessary parameters in the document, so that later it would not have been long and painful to put it in order.

Writing a thesis in many causes difficulties. If you are not ready to prepare this one yourself, contact us! For you will be prepared competent full-fledged work that you can easily protect and pass.

For the orientation of the members of the State Examination Commission in the structure of the protected thesis or project, the performer must include an abstract in the calculation and explanatory note. A sample of the thesis abstract allows members of the State Examination Commission to briefly familiarize themselves with the goals, objectives and positive features of the work.

What is included in the synopsis

The volume of the abstract is usually determined by the issuing department, but usually does not exceed 2 A4 pages (font Times New Roman 14pt, 1.5-2 intervals). The following points are required:

1. The exact wording of the theme of the project or work, indicating the number of pages of the note and the amount of drawing and graphic documentation.
2. The structure of the project / work: the number of chapters or sections, the presence or absence of applications (they may, for example, include references to publications on the topic of the thesis, the full text of the programs developed by the graduate, etc.).
3. Brief description of all sections listed in paragraph 2.
4. The results of the developments made in the framework of the graduation design, an indication of actually achieved positive results. This may be a positive review of a third-party organization that accepts development for practical use, a copy of a positive decision on the grant of a patent, and sometimes a copy of the patent itself.
5. The conclusion about the novelty of the solutions presented in the draft and the directions of further work already as a specialist.

Properly and clearly designed sample of the abstract of the thesis, not only can prevent a number of questions during the defense, but also helps the performer to navigate the individual provisions of his report.

But sometimes the possibility of a graduate thesis for the compilation of the abstract is either very limited or not at all. How to proceed? Indeed, without the presence of the abstract, the work is considered to be inappropriate, and the protection in the State Examination Commission cannot be allowed.

How to get rid of the troubles associated with the lack of the synopsis

An experienced specialist of the relevant profile, who is often engaged in the preparation of such documents, can always compile a qualitative sample of the thesis abstract. It is even better if, at the same time as the order of the abstract, you order the thesis itself. There can be many reasons for such a decision: from the lack of free time for the qualitative design of a graduation project (which often happens when a graduate student is already working on a permanent job) to the banal inability to distribute their forces and cope with the processing of initial information.

Referring to a specialist for help, you need to remember that it can only be provided with:

• timely contact us for advice;
• the availability of all the starting materials for the thesis, including also the materials of the externship;
• the exact amount of requirements for the design of the finished work (they are usually reported by the project supervisor from the university);
• knowledge of the final tasks posed by the thesis project or work.

Having collected all the required source information, the customer contacts one of our authors, which will be recommended by us. Further is already entirely within his competence. A sample of the thesis abstract prepared as a result of the work, as well as all other documents required for successful defense, will receive a thesis from the author in a timely manner and with the required quality. It is important that in the process of cooperation the student will be provided with the necessary advice and available explanations on all difficult issues.

Theses, which have an applied nature, must be accompanied by an act or certificate of implementation of the results of the thesis. This document confirms the practical application of your research. What your optimization event, recommendations and suggestions considered and allowed to use in the work. It can be an enterprise, organization or state institution – any place of work where your research is relevant and possible to use.

In fact, this is an optional part of the thesis. But if your school requires it, you will have to arrange it. In addition, a similar document gives weight to your research and automatically raises the grade. A sample of the act of introducing the results of the thesis will be given below.

On the act of implementation must be a seal from the enterprise.

Content of the act of implementation

The act will be based on this scheme:

• Thesis
• The data of the author of the thesis
• Full name of the company
• A short statement of the problem, which was considered in the thesis and offered options for its solution.
• List of Open Questions
• Research results
• Information on the implementation of the results of the thesis
• Data on how the results were implemented

The thesis data can be used, implemented, incorporated into the program of the next year, accepted for development, etc.

The act must be signed by the head and sealed.

How to write the act of implementation

The act must contain information that the student participated in the development, the results of these developments are embedded in the work of the enterprise.

As a rule, no one particularly delves into the content of the act. The main thing that he was.

Use the following wording:

Participated in system development / methodology development,

Analyzed the process … And suggested optimization options …

Developed an implementation mechanism … that will increase / decrease …

In the paragraph about the results of the implementation, use the following expressions:

At the enterprise … Student recommendations … Used for … thanks to this, it was implemented … which reduced the costs of …

In the organization … optimization measures were taken into consideration … thanks to this, the volumes increased … / increased in a short time …

If we are talking about pedagogy, you can indicate that the results were used in:

Preparation of guidelines / lesson plans, etc.

With regard to programming, they indicate: it has been used under specific conditions when developing a device, technology, or implemented …

How can I check the act of implementation?

You can check the act of implementation, but hardly anyone will do it. Even if no one is going to put your research into life (and it will be so), take the trouble to make the act as credible as possible.

If no one has any suspicions, no one will believe anything.

Begins the act of introducing the results of the thesis as follows:

Information on the implementation of research results obtained by a 5th year student of the MIT specialty “Organization Management” Nick Bailey in his thesis work “Optimizing the work of the marketing department in the enterprise.”

A sample certificate of implementation of the results of the thesis can be easily found on the Internet. If you have difficulty in preparing this document, please contact us. We will prepare for you an act of implementing the results in a short time. Qualified specialists are ready to do your order!

Thesis is not enough to write; it must also be protected. The requirement of most universities was the preparation of not only the speech, but also the presentation of the graduation project – this allows not to print bulky posters and handouts, at the same time using visual images.

What should be in the presentation to the thesis

The presentation should reflect the content of the thesis, making any new information (compared with the text of the work itself) is unacceptable. A thesis is a volume work that takes 60-80 sheets; it is impossible to place them completely on the presentation slides. When preparing a presentation, it is better to focus not on the thesis itself, but on the speech to it – it is precisely between these elements that the connection is the closest, it is they who form a holistic presentation.

The main parts of the presentation:

• Title page. In the presentation, it can be made out a little differently than in the printout of the thesis itself, but the basic information for the commission should be reflected on it: the topic of the work, its type (“Graduation qualification work”, “The graduation project”), student and manager data.
• The purpose, objectives, subject and object of study.
• Justification of the relevance of the work. It is recorded briefly, not as fully developed as in the introduction.
• The basic theoretical position of the topic. In the presentation, as in the speech, it is carried out very little from the first chapter. You can put on the slides a few definitions of the most important concepts, or some meaningful scheme.
• The results of the analysis – tables, charts.
• Justification of proposals and recommendations.
• The final slide – “Thank you for your attention.”

The usual presentation volume is about 15 slides.

Presentation of a thesis

If the drawings and posters are prepared strictly, then the presentation gives the student a certain freedom to choose the design. A mandatory requirement is the design in a business style, because the protection of a thesis is a formal event, limited by business etiquette. Tips for the design of the thesis presentation:

• The presentation template should correspond to the thesis topic. It is preferable to completely abandon the meaningless images in the design (of various ornaments and stripes – floral, technical and geometric). It is enough to accentuate the title of the slide.
• The background for the presentation is better to choose light (and the font is dark) – this combination is perceived on the big screen more easily than inverse. If the commission will have to peer into the text and suffer in attempts to disassemble it, the performance will cause negative emotions.
• The font should be large – at least 28 points for the main text and 32 points for headings. This requires a reduction in the amount of text on one slide. You do not need to strive to put the speech in the presentation: the main information should be told, you can put some key points on the slides (as a hint for yourself) or information that is poorly perceived by ear (tables with numerical data, charts, graphs).
• Do not abuse the text. Everything that can be designed as a scheme should be made that way. This makes the presentation more visual.

A presentation for the protection of a thesis, for example, may contain an organizational (tree) diagram.

• Presentation programs allow you to add various animation effects and transitions. In a presentation to defend a thesis, they are irrelevant; a sample of a presentation that is comfortable for perception does not contain “manifestation”, “fading”, “departures” and other ways of the appearance and disappearance of slide elements.
• Scrolling through slides should be done manually, not by timer. It is impossible to predict exactly how long it will take on a particular slide. Scrolling on the projector is carried out either by the remote control, or with the help of an “operator” sitting at the laptop (as a rule, someone from the group’s defendants).

How to prepare a presentation for the protection of the thesis

Presentation preparation is the final stage of work on the thesis. By the time work begins on it, the text should have already been verified and agreed with the supervisor. An exception is the presentation on the pre-defense, which allows you to rehearse the performance.

A few tips on how to make a presentation to the thesis:

• The main information to be presented in the presentation is contained in the introduction and conclusion of the thesis. They can be supplemented with illustrations from the chapters, but the text itself from these structural elements is sufficient.
• The presentation is more convenient to prepare in parallel with the speech. This will make in the speech references to the slides, place the slides in a logical order and echoes the speech. Looks ugly when a presentation slide on a speech is not accompanied by verbal comments. It should be borne in mind that if a slide contains a lot of information (it takes a lot of time for consideration), the accompanying speech should be of suitable duration. Otherwise, either the students will not have time to familiarize themselves with the slide, or there will be a pause (which makes an unpleasant impression).
• A common program for preparing presentations is Microsoft PowerPoint. A similar product exists in the OpenOffice.Org system, but compatibility is not absolute. It is better to clarify what system is installed in the university, and make a presentation in its format, to be sure that nothing will slip. In addition, it is possible to save the presentation in a special format for demonstration: it does not require the installation of special programs on the computer on which the demonstration is performed. You can take a file with you in protection in this format, as well as in a regular, editable one, in case you notice a typo at the last moment and want to correct it.

When you write the introduction of the thesis, you have many tasks. Developing your own methodological base is one of them. It is necessary in order to demonstrate what research methods you used as you wrote your thesis. To write a thesis, the student often lacks the list of empirical and theoretical methods that already exist, and you have to develop your own. This is a rather complicated process, so sometimes it’s easier to just order a thesis from us. Unlike agencies, we do not use intermediaries, therefore prices are much lower.

In order to proceed to the classification of scientific research methods, you must first understand what it is. The scientific method is a set of basic ways of obtaining new knowledge and methods for solving problems in any science. The method includes methods for studying phenomena, systematization, adjustment of new and previously acquired knowledge.

Classification methods

All methods can be divided into two types: special and general scientific. Specials are used only in a particular field of science and are not applied to others. General scientific are subdivided into 3 types: theoretical, experimental and theoretical-empirical, which combine the features of theoretical and experimental methods. These methods are mainly used when writing the practical part of the thesis.

Theoretical methods:

• The method of ascent from the abstract to the concrete (the object of study is conventionally divided into many parts, analyzed, and then assembled back, according to the results of the analysis);
• The method of idealization (used to simplify complex tasks; objects are created for it that do not exist in reality);
• Method of formalization (used to display information in symbolic form).

Experimental methods:

• Method of observation;
• Experiment;
• Comparison;
• Simulation (building a model of the object, which is investigated).

Empirical-theoretical methods:

• Method of abstraction;
• Deduction method (from general to specific);
• Method of induction (from the particular to the general).

The thesis plan for the 2019 academic year must comply with certain requirements. Specific criteria are established by the graduating department, and the general requirements are formulated in the state standard.

Thesis structure

The thesis should contain a set of mandatory elements that set the basic requirements for the plan of its writing. A typical thesis consists of:

• Title page.
• Introductions.
• The main part is divided into chapters.
• Conclusions
• List of used sources.
• Of applications.

The structure of the final qualifying work as a whole does not differ from the structure of other scientific and educational works (which is regulated at the state level), it should only be borne in mind that each part should be quite bulky (the total size of the thesis is about 50-90 pages depending on the specialty and education levels – bachelors write more concise work than masters).

How to make a plan of the thesis

The plan of the thesis is drawn up immediately after the approval of the topic and serves as a kind of target guideline, which generally should be the result. Based on the plan, literary sources are selected, developments and experiments are planned. This allows us not to cover too wide an area, but to build a logical coherent study.

Writing a plan at the very beginning of work on a thesis has a drawback – the student does not know the subject very well (he is just starting to explore it), he does not know which aspects are most important and interesting. In this regard, you can give some tips:

• Do not forget about your graduate leader. It is not prescribed for purely nominal mention on the title page. A graduate leader with much more experience can help to write a thesis plan correctly, choosing the most promising areas of research.
• Most of the topics offered at universities are repeated (with minor changes) from year to year. You can search for work graduates of past years and look at their plan. You should not engage in direct plagiarism, but it is quite advisable to use other people’s work as a guideline. You cannot be limited to theses – course and dissertation will do.
• It does not always work out from the first attempt to correctly draw up a plan for a thesis. There is nothing terrible in the changes: the plan is not approved anywhere, everything is in your hands (you just have to remember to coordinate the changes with the manager so that there are no unpleasant surprises for him).

How to formulate points for a thesis plan

There are a lot of examples of theses on the Internet, but far from all the plans are formulated successfully. It may be useful to study the names of paragraphs in serious scientific literature, or at least in textbooks – they give an idea of how the headlines should sound.

Among the general requirements, we note:

No title should repeat the theme of the thesis.

Example 1

If you are writing on the topic “Improving the efficiency of use of working capital”, then the first chapter can be devoted to theoretical aspects of assessing the efficiency of using working capital, the second – analyzing the current state of the situation in the enterprise, and the third – developing a project for improvement. It looks very tempting to call the third chapter the same as the theme sounds – but then a natural question arises as to why we need the first two chapters at all.

Headings should not be interrogative sentences.

Example 2

It is impossible to name the clause: “How is the accounting organized in the enterprise?”, We need to reformulate this question – for example: “The organization of accounting in the enterprise”. Question headers are valid only for journalism.

All titles should be designed in a scientific style, without the use of colloquial vocabulary.

A dissertation is a long, painstaking job that requires a maximum of time and effort, so it is not the most pleasant thing to rework it several times. To avoid this, you can contact us. Authors on our exchange will begin to respond to your application within ten minutes after publication, and then you will only have to choose the right one. The second way is to make a clear plan of work on the dissertation and strictly follow it. To do this, read on.

Moral training

So, you have chosen a topic, coordinated it with a supervisor. Now you need to adjust yourself to work. Make an approximate work schedule: on this day I have to do it, on the next, etc. After that, you just have to blindly follow the schedule.

Drawing up a final plan

The schedule you made, now you need to make a dissertation plan. It is necessary to determine the structure of the dissertation, the titles of chapters and paragraphs, what applications will be, etc. After that, do not rush to start working. Be sure to meet with the supervisor to approve the plan. If he doesn’t like it, he will help you. Then you will have the final plan of the thesis, which means half the work is done!

Writing a dissertation

Oddly enough, but this is not the most difficult part. You will need a lot of time to gather information, analyze, select and present it. After that, you must set out the research part (and for this you must first conduct a study). And finally, to summarize and draw conclusions. Dissertation is ready!

Defense of the thesis

This is the most interesting. It seems that everything is already behind and the dissertation is ready, but it was not there. Members of the state attestation commission will not read your work completely, so they need to talk about it briefly, and also so that they are interested and entertained a little. There will be useful oratorical skills.

In all books there is a table of contents, it should be in the thesis. Table of contents as a structural element of the thesis is required by standard: it is allowed to do without it only in very small works, up to 10 pages.

Why do you need the table of contents of the thesis

Example 1

An example of using a table of contents: the head asked you a question in a thesis. You just remember that you wrote about it in the second chapter, you start to search, scroll through the first chapter, lose time, go to the second chapter and start looking for the necessary paragraph. At the same time, you at least know the text. Members of the commission do not know what and in what order they should; they would take even more time to find the right place to work. Not finding any aspect of interest to them, they may decide that there is none at all, that the topic is not sufficiently disclosed.

The table of contents allows to avoid such incidents, facilitating the search for the desired page.

Additional benefits from the table of contents – it gives the opportunity to measure parts of the work. If the first chapter begins on page 5 and ends on the 50th, and the second begins on the 51st and ends on the 58th, this is the reason for the revision, redistribution of the material.

How to write content in the thesis

Before you begin to write a thesis, the student makes a plan. The design of the content is based on this plan; the plan is the first version of the table of contents. The difference of the plan is that it contains only the names of sections, without page numbers.

The plan must be coordinated with the supervisor so that a situation does not arise when the thesis is ready, and the supervisor says that it must contain completely different items.

The table of contents of the thesis can be compiled according to the following model:

• Introduction
• 1.Title of the first chapter.
  • 1.1 Name of the first paragraph.
  • 1.2 Name of the second paragraph.
  • 1.3 Name of the third paragraph.
• 2. Title of the second chapter.
• 2.1, 2.2, 2.3 The names of the paragraphs included in the second chapter.
• Conclusion
• List of sources used.
• Applications.

If there are more than 2 chapters in the work, each chapter is described in the same way as the first two.

Usually, elements up to the second level are included in the content (if paragraphs are divided into smaller parts – 1.1.1, 1.1.2 – they may not be indicated in the table of contents). Introduction, conclusion and list of references are not numbered.

How to make out the content in the thesis

The important question is how to properly arrange the content in the thesis. Basic requirements for registration:

• The content is located on the second page (after the title page).
• Before you write the content of the thesis, you need to make a title – “Table of Contents” or “Content.” A specific variant of the title is chosen by the department, but the use of the word “Table of contents” for complete work is more typical, and the “Content” is for a collection of individual parts.
• The design of the content of the thesis should be consistent with the design of the main text (font used, line spacing, paragraph indents).
• The content of the thesis is best done on the model taken at the department.

Example 2

In some universities, they require the use of a placeholder in the form of dots between the name of the item and the page number; in others, the line should be left blank.

• If in the text of the thesis the headings are written in capital letters, they are also taken out in the content. Selection in italic or bold is not saved in the table of contents.
• Headings of the second level are most often placed with indention in comparison with the headings of the first level, which facilitates human perception of the text.

Automatic registration of the table of contents in the thesis

Text editors make it easier to compile a table of contents. When using automatically collected table of contents two problems are solved at once:

• Page numbers are carefully aligned (it’s not necessary to adjust their position in the line using spaces).
• In case of any changes (both in the name of the item and in the number of the page on which it begins), the table of contents will be updated automatically.

Consider how to write the content of the thesis, using the technical capabilities of MS Word.

As the main text is written, it is necessary to specify the heading style – headings of the first and second level. You can change styles and when the text is ready – the main thing is not to miss anything. When this is done, on the “Links” tab, click the “Table of contents” button and select the most appropriate table of contents from the list of examples.

If none of the standard design examples is appropriate for the content of your thesis, you can create your own template by specifying levels of detail, font and indent settings, line filler, and other parameters. You can also change the font and indents by highlighting the table of contents as plain text.

To update the table of contents after changes, you must click on it with the right mouse button and select the item “Update field”. Two update modes are possible:

1. Complete update.
2. Update page numbers only.

If only the page numbers are updated, there may be a mismatch in the title of the paragraph in the content and in the text.

If you do not take into account the design elements, the introduction is the first section of the thesis. It is from the introduction that members of the attestation commission begin to read the thesis (after which, as a rule, they read the conclusion – and this is limited). The introduction should form a positive impression of the thesis.

The structure of the introduction of the thesis

The structure of the introduction of the thesis are quite clear requirements governing both the composition of the elements and the order of their following.

Definition 1

The main purpose of the introduction is a brief description of the work, the formation of the reader’s understanding of what the thesis is about, what it is about.

Standard components of the introductory part, not depending on the subject of research:

• The relevance of the problem, which is devoted to the study.
• The purpose and objectives of the work.
• The object and subject of the thesis.
• The hypothesis of the study.
• Scientific methods used in the development of the topic.
• Characteristics of the degree of knowledge of the problem.
• Definition of scientific novelty.
• Description of practical significance and possibilities of applying the results.
• Review of sources of literature and primary data.

The volume of injection should not exceed 10% of the total volume – otherwise it will contain too much “water”. At the same time, the prologue should not be reduced too much. On average, a harmonious volume is 3-5 pages with a thesis volume of 50-80 pages.

Relevance of the topic

The first thing that should be in the introduction of the thesis is the justification of relevance. The reader should understand that the theme you choose is related to modernity, it really makes sense to develop it. There are three ways to choose a topic that determine how easiest to write the relevance section in the introduction:

The department gives students a list of topics, and everyone chooses something that interests them. Such topics practically do not change from year to year and are well known to both graduate heads and commission members.

The thesis supervisor offers a topic related to his personal research (the topic of his dissertation, a monograph in preparation, or other work).

The topic is offered by the student himself on the basis of professional activity (it is appropriate for students working in their specialty)

In the first case, you can search for works of past years: many universities publish them on their website (even if the work is not fully laid out, the introduction must be included in the introductory piece). Many topics with minor changes are considered in other universities, so the Internet can be a significant help. Copying the relevance is literally risky in the light of the introduction of checks on borrowing, but it is easier to single out a rational grain and retell in your own words than to invent from scratch.

In the second case, you can ask the manager why he recommends this topic, or read his publications – they should indicate the prospect of studying this topic or its significance in modern conditions.

In the third case, you should rely on your personal experience or ask for help from more experienced colleagues, the boss. The thesis supervisor will help to formulate the relevance in a manner accepted in the scientific community, according to common patterns.

Relevance may be based on changes in the economic or political principles of the functioning of society, on the latest technological advances, on major discoveries or inventions of recent years, as well as on the discourse related to regulations or laws.

Example 1

For example, if a tax reform has occurred in a country, tax issues will be relevant due to the changes that have occurred.

The purpose and objectives of the work

It is important when writing the introduction of the thesis correctly formulate the goal.

Example 2

Examples of goals:

Evaluation of the effectiveness of labor resources in the context of improving the efficiency of the organization.

Improving the management of the investment attractiveness of an industrial enterprise on the basis of optimizing its resource potential.

Improving the strategy of personnel management of the enterprise.

Definition 2

The purpose of the thesis – this is what the result is planned to get after writing a thesis.

As a joke, students say that the purpose of the thesis is to get them a thesis, which then can be attributed to the employer. For the introduction of such a goal (no matter how sincere it may be) is not suitable.

The goal should be based on the theme of the work, almost literally repeat it. At the same time, the verb “study” should be avoided, because most topics imply not only acquaintance with literary sources and the situation at the enterprise, but also the development of any recommendations, the creation of a project, the assessment of its effectiveness.

Example 3

Convenient for the formulation of objectives will be the verbs “improvement”, “efficiency increase” (if it is possible to measure effectiveness), “improvement”, “project development”.

Definition 3

The tasks of the thesis are steps towards achieving the goal.

The easiest way to write tasks is to reformulate the contents of the thesis. Then the number of tasks will coincide with the number of paragraphs (not chapters).

When writing tasks, you can use these verbs:

• Expand (concept).
• Describe.
• Make a classification / classify.
• To study.
• To explore.
• Analyze / analyze.
• Characterize / characterize.
• Rate / evaluate.
• Develop (draft, recommendations).

The object and subject of study

Before you write an introduction to the thesis, you need to understand the differences between the object and the subject of study.

Definition 4

The object is a field of work, and the subject is a constituent part of this field on which attention is concentrated.

The object can be an organization, public relations, phenomena. The subject is reflected in the topic of work.

Example 4

An example of an object is Chinese manufacturing companies, the subject is models and strategies for the internationalization of Chinese companies.

Example 5

For legal subjects, the object is public relations arising in the process of determining the capacity of citizens, the subject of the study is the norms of legislation governing relations in the process of determining the capacity of citizens.

Hypothesis

The hypothesis as an element of introduction is not always required, but it will not be superfluous.

Definition 5

A hypothesis is an assumption, an expectation from the results of a study.

The hypothesis may not be confirmed in the course of the experiments (although this situation is relatively rare for graduation projects).

Example 6

The hypothesis may relate to the existence of a connection between phenomena, expectations of the result of actions: “the introduction of a program of non-material motivation will increase productivity in the enterprise”, “the developed program will provide control”, “the use of the proposed exercises will help improve performance among younger students.”

The hypothesis should have a direct connection with the ongoing practical research, carried out experiments, to be verified in the framework of the thesis.

Research methods

Definition 6

Methods are ways to study posed problems.

There are general scientific and special (for a particular science) methods. Before you write this section of the introduction to the thesis, you should determine how the study will be conducted. After performing the main part of the work, the methods can be adjusted. Extra methods should not be included, because the commission may ask where exactly this method was used. Commonly used methods:

• Synthesis.
• Analysis.
• Induction.
• Deduction.
• Modeling.
• Graphic method.
• Vertical and horizontal analysis.
• Balance method.
• Classification.
• Generalization.
• Comparison.

The degree of knowledge of the topic and an overview of the sources

Writing a thesis assumes that the student relies on the works of predecessors, and does not invent something from scratch. Some topics are widely covered in the literature, others are new, recently interested in the scientific community. Sometimes a problem is traditionally viewed from a certain angle, while other aspects remain unlit. The task of the author of the thesis is to designate in which section the problem was studied and described in detail, which “white spots” remained, and in what directions the researchers did not come to a common opinion. Interesting can be both actively discussed topic, and a new one, which was previously paid unduly little attention. When writing this part of the introduction, you should refer to specific authors, scientific schools and areas.

The degree of knowledge echoes the review of the sources used – after all, in order to understand how well a topic has been studied, it is necessary to become familiar with the literature. Additionally, in the review of sources, it is necessary to indicate if statistical data were used (by which organization they were prepared), enterprise documentation, normative acts.

Scientific novelty and practical significance

Sections of scientific novelty and practical importance answer the question; what thesis can bring to humanity. Before you write this part of the introduction in the thesis, you need to determine for yourself what your work may be useful for – for pure science or for practical work.

In abstract, theoretical studies, greater emphasis should be placed on scientific novelty (that you came up with something that nobody knew before you). In practice-oriented work, it is more important to demonstrate practical significance.

As a proof of the value of the work, references to patents, registered copyrights, acts of introduction, letters of thanks from the enterprise – the base of pre-thesis practice can be given. External confirmations always adorn the student’s words about the significance of his work.

From the first year, students wonder whether it is difficult to write a thesis. Each teacher considers it his duty to say: “If you cannot write a test (essay, coursework), how will you write a thesis?”. As a result, final qualifying work – the most voluminous work of those that students write over the years of study – is surrounded by an aura of inaccessibility. In fact, to write a thesis work itself is quite realistic – if you correctly approach the process.

The choice of topics and the head of the final qualifying work

Before you begin to write a thesis, it is necessary to decide on the topic and the leader. Samples of themes are usually given at the department; you can choose from a ready list or agree on changes. Two approaches are possible at the preparatory stage:

First choose a manager. This may be a teacher of the department, with whom you have developed the warmest relationships over the years of study, with which it will be easier for you to reach a mutual understanding. This may be a teacher, about which as a leader you have heard good reviews from past graduates. Some ambitious students are trying to get to the head of the department, but this choice is quite risky: the head of the department may simply not have enough time to carefully study your thesis. Once an agreement has been reached, a topic should be formulated with the manager.

First choose a topic. The topic may be related to your practical activity (it’s not a secret that many undergraduates, even full-time students, work in their specialty, and it is common among correspondents) or you are just very interested. Then the leader will have to choose from those in whose sphere of scientific interest this topic falls.

Example 1

For example, if your thesis in programming will concern the automation of accounting, it is impractical to negotiate guidance with a teacher who specializes in low-level programming. Similarly, if you are a philologist and want to concentrate on slang in modern Internet communication, an expert in Silver Age poetry can hardly become a useful mentor.

It is very important who leads the thesis. If the manager is not well-versed in the topic or is simply dishonest, you will have to write WRCs yourself, and if he is interested in the topic and he is ready to delve into the work, you will receive strong support and a competent guide in the scientific world.

Preparation of the thesis plan

To write a thesis correctly, you need to determine its structure from the very beginning – to make a plan. The main requirements for the content are determined at the department. As a rule, students are invited to do a thesis work in three parts. The first part is theoretical, the second – methodical, the third – practical. Another variant of the distribution of parts: the first is a theoretical methodological, the second is a review of the current situation, the third is recommendations. For some specialties, another work structure is possible.

Example 2

For example, a thesis work of an engineer along with the actual development (terms of reference, work project) may include a chapter on occupational safety and a business case for development.

You can ask the manager for an example of writing a thesis, or at least a sample of the plan – most likely, he has last year’s work, and he will allow to get acquainted with them. The main thing is not to write off everything verbatim (even if the topic is very similar), but to use information only as a starting point for your own research.

The thesis plan must be coordinated with the supervisor, since it is the plan that determines the content of the material. It would be a shame to write a thesis quickly and with inspiration according to your plan, and then find out that all this is not the case – and slowly and painfully rewrite according to the new content.

Introduction of thesis

Suppose a plan is made. The question arises – how to start writing a thesis. There is no single answer to this question.

You can go in order and start writing a thesis from the introduction, you can leave the introduction at last. In the first case, after writing the main part, the introduction will still have to go back and make adjustments – but at the writing stage, the tasks will be clearly defined, and their solution will be more systematic.

The introduction of the thesis should include a number of mandatory elements:

Justification of relevance. This material may take up about half of the volume of administration. Relevance is the connection of the topic of the thesis with the current state of affairs in society, science and technology.

Example 3

Thus, the optimization of the manufacture of punch cards is completely irrelevant, since they are not currently used. At the same time, the study of long-abolished laws is relevant, since they often form the basis of adopted later (and still in force) or may be useful in reforming the branch of law.

The purpose of the work – what are you going to achieve in the course of writing a thesis (except to obtain a document on higher education). To correctly formulate a goal, you need to clearly understand what it means to write a thesis. If term papers for the most part were purely educational in nature, and in them goals like “to study the process of accounting for settlements with suppliers and contractors” were acceptable, then the thesis should first of all demonstrate the completeness of your training, the ability to perform the functions of a specialist. The goal cannot be educational. The goal can begin with the words “optimization”, “improvement”, “identification of patterns”, “model building”, “development of a software product (device)”.

Tasks work. For their writing will need a plan. How many points in the plan – so many tasks? You just need to reformulate the names of the paragraphs, so that they answer the question “what to do?”.

The object and subject of study. The object is the system you are considering, and the subject is from which side you are considering it. For example, the object will be an enterprise, and the subject will be labor productivity in this enterprise.

Research methods. To a large extent determined by the scope of the study, but almost always can be mentioned general scientific methods – deduction and induction, analysis and synthesis.

Review of used literature.

The standard introduction volume is 5% of the total workload (3-5 pages).

The theoretical part of the thesis

The theoretical part of the work is based on the study of literary sources. In this part the student does not create anything of his own – he studies what has been done before him. Since the theses are checked for borrowing, and the requirements for originality are high enough, you simply cannot copy textbooks and articles, you have to write the theory in your own words. A thesis cannot be based solely on textbooks: both monographs and articles in periodicals (specialized journals, collections of conference materials), and electronic sources must be used, and for many areas – legal acts.

The choice of sources is a guarantee of the quality of the theoretical part. Source Requirements:

Modernity. Sometimes rigid formal requirements are established: textbooks are not older than 5 years, articles are not older than 3 years. This approach is not entirely correct. On the one hand, classical works (especially of deceased authors) do not gain from reprints, and you can quote Karl Marx both in the 2018 edition and in the 1956 edition – there will be no difference. On the other hand, in dynamic areas even for 5 years (and taking into account that the textbook is not published instantly, that is, a textbook published 5 years ago was written about 7 years ago) a lot can change. The easiest way in this regard is with the regulations: you need to take from the reference legal systems the current edition (if we are not talking about a historical review of the changes).

Reliability. Inaccurate information is often found on the Internet and in unlicensed journals (as well as collections) – this may be due to both the incompetence and dishonesty of the authors, and the deliberate distortion of the facts. It is better to take material from magazines with a reputation (ideally, those included in the list of HAC).

To write a good thesis, you need to recycle many sources. The list of references should reflect at least 30-40, and most of them usually refer to the theoretical section.

The practical part of the thesis

The theory of the thesis is not limited; it must be a practice. The practice can be divided into two parts:

Inspection of the object “as is”. If in the theoretical student analyzes the sources, then in the practical part there is an analysis of a specific subject.

Example 4

So, for example, for lawyers – this is an analysis of judicial practice, for journalists – an analysis of a specific publication, for accountants – the financial activities of a company.

Development of something new – a project, recommendations, and an assessment of their effect.

Example 5

It is not enough to simply write: “A new law should be adopted”, it is necessary to explain in detail how it should differ fundamentally from the current one, what gaps in the law it will allow to close, what problems to avoid. For economic theses, the most popular criterion is profit: the proposed measures for commercial enterprises, directly or indirectly, should contribute to its increase (through cost reduction or revenue increase). However, for some topics, other criteria may be selected. For engineering surveys, it is usually about improving the existing technology – you need to prove that it really will be something better.

Thesis

By the 4th course, when it comes time to write a thesis, students usually already know what a conclusion is and how it is written. The conclusion is not significantly different from the conclusion of the course work – except that it has a slightly larger volume. Like the introduction, it should occupy about 5% of the volume of work (perhaps a little more – 7-8%), that is, about 3-6 pages.

In the conclusion summarizes the work, draws conclusions for chapters. The focus should be on the practical part; only the main points can be written out from the theory.

In conclusion, it summarizes how the objectives set in the introduction have been accomplished and the goal achieved. If some problems could not be solved, it should be explained in detail why this happened (although this is usually avoided – if there is too little material on some aspect of the topic, adjust the plan and choose a more illuminated one).

At the very end one can note the practical significance of the research, the possibilities of its application. If the project has been implemented or the copyright certificate (patent) has been drawn up, it can also be mentioned.

List of used sources

References – the most strictly regulated part of the thesis. It is necessary to write a thesis at a university on the basis of a large array of sources — a standard requirement is the use of at least 40 units. Each source should be referenced in the text, and each should be described in the list of references.

Own requirements, how to write a list of references in the thesis, can be formulated and the department. In this case, the sample is issued in the form of guidelines on thesis design. It is at the department that the sources are listed alphabetically or in order of use, whether they are divided into sections (books, articles in periodicals, electronic sources).