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Each student, during his studies, sooner or later has to write reports on various topics. However, it is not enough to select the necessary material and work through it. A student of a university, technical school or college will still need to correctly draw up a document.

Fundamental requirements

What is a competent report design? To type, you will need to use the font Times New Roman. The optimal size is considered to be 12 pt. In this case, you need to print the text after 1.5 intervals. Other features of the design of certification work include the inclusion of field parameters:

• upper part – 30 mm;
• right and left parts – 25 mm;
• bottom – 20 mm.

The title page of the work deserves special attention. The first page of the report is obliged to carry the most complete information. The title page gives you the opportunity to familiarize yourself with the following information:

• subjects;
• speaker information;
• name of company;
• course and group number;
• year of writing the work;
• information about the examining teacher, including his position and degree, if any.

It is important to remember the rules for writing subheadings. They must be typed in lowercase. The letters are used 14 points, the words must be aligned exactly in the center.

At first glance, there are many requirements, but taking them into account is quite simple. If there are doubts about the literacy of the work, it is worth entrusting its creation to professionals. Our authors will do everything promptly and competently.

Key notation

What else implies the correct presentation of the report? This is the correct use of pictures. If attestation student work involves the introduction of illustrations, then the images should be clear. No fragments that are weakly or inconveniently read should not be on them. Illustrations are done in black and white.

Mandatory captions to illustrations. The text under the picture is typed in bold, 10 pt. Each image in the report is assigned its own number. The same goes for tables in the text. For this, approximately the following designation is used: “Table 2”. If the mark is put to illustrate, then the designation takes on the format “Fig. 3 “.

References

When preparing a report, it is very important to create a special unit dedicated to the bibliographic apparatus. The list of used literature is certainly numbered. As a rule, the order is determined by the citation order in the text of the work. In this case, the report shall indicate the appropriate number in the necessary places. The number is “locked” in square brackets, it looks like this: [6].

The list of used literature itself is formed at the end of the certification work. As a rule, in reports this information block is marked as “Literature”. If the sources used have not been published, then reference to them is considered inadmissible.

Scope of work and its format

Most university teachers indicate that work should not be more than 5 pages. The volume is calculated taking into account the tables and the indicated illustrations. If the report is submitted so that it is subsequently included in the collection, the material is presented in two versions. Work is provided in print format (2 copies) and electronic. For such a document, the RTF format is used. In order for the material to be compact, it must be archived.

An opinion from experts is required to be attached to the material. This addition indicates the possibility of publication of the work. Also, the material must be approved by the project manager. Work must be sealed with the seal of the organization for which it is performed.

Students of many universities are not required to attend physical education classes. However, somehow you still need to report. That is why students are invited to write essays. This is not always easy to do. But it doesn’t matter if you decide to order an essay from us or write it yourself, you still need to choose a topic.

Before choosing a topic, you most likely have already decided, with the appearance of a research paper, and generally know what a research paper is. We present to you a small list of topics that you can use for your essay on physical education:

• Physical culture in the system of cultural values.
• Physical education in high school.
• The history of the emergence and development of the Olympic Games.
• Control, self-control in physical education and sports. Prevention of injuries.
• Morning hygienic gymnastics and its significance. The complex of morning hygienic gymnastics.
• Healthy lifestyle students.
• Symbols and attributes of the Olympic Games.
• Motor mode and its meaning.
• Physical culture and sport as social phenomena.
• The role of general developmental exercises in physical education.
• Sports game volleyball. The history of the emergence and development of the game. Rules of the game.
• Basketball sports game. The history of the emergence and development of the game. Rules of the game.
• Forms of independent exercise.
• Improving physical culture and its forms. The effect of health-improving physical culture on the body.
• Athletic gymnastics and its impact on the human body.
• Running as a means of promoting health.
• Scientific organization of labor: fatigue, mode, physical inactivity, working capacity, physical activity, self-education.
• Hygienic and natural factors of nature: mode of work and rest; biological rhythms and sleep; the science of body weight and human nutrition.
• The formation of motor skills.
• Education of the basic physical qualities of a person (definition of a concept, methods of quality education).
• The basics of sports training.
• Physical education in general cultural and vocational training of students.
• The body, as a single self-developing and self-regulating biological system.
• Anatomical and morphological features and basic physiological functions of the body.
• The external environment and its impact on the human body.
• The functional activity of a person and the relationship of physical and mental activity.
• Fatigue during physical and mental work. Recovery.
• Physical culture in the regulation of performance.
• Adaptation to exercise.
• Adaptation of athletes to perform specific static loads.

Physics is a practical subject. It is impossible to learn such a science only in theory, it is always necessary to practice. As a consequence of this feature, students are usually given a very small list of topics that can be used for theoretical essay. We decided to help you stand out in the eyes of the teacher and wrote a short list of interesting topics. You just have to go one of two ways: write yourself on the chosen topic, while suffering with the correct design of the research paper and the requirements for the research paper. Or act wiser and just order it from us. We give a twenty-day guarantee for all work, so if something doesn’t suit you, you can request a revision from the author.

• The speed of light: determination methods.
• Röderdorf and his experiments.
• Theory of elasticity.
• Methods for producing semiconductor wafers.
• The action of polarizing devices.
• Loss of heat and electricity during trucking.
• Propagation of radioactive waves.
• Ballistic intercontinental missile.
• The principle of operation of radioactive engines.
• The manifestation of the laws of friction in everyday life.
• Maxwell and his electromagnetic theory.
• The essence and significance of heat treatment.
• Characterization of torsion fields and technologies.
• Methods of water softening.
• Electromagnetic waves and electromagnetic radiation.
• The principle of operation of batteries.
• Ball lightning is a unique natural phenomenon.
• An experimental study of electromagnetic induction.
• The functioning of power plants.
• Energy conversion.
• The use of electricity.
• Nuclear energy.
• The action of optical instruments.
• From water wheels to turbines.
• The value of the experiments of Nikola Tesla.
• The sun as a source of energy.
• Ultrasound and the possibilities of its application.
• Representation of a picture of the world from the point of view of physics.
• The phenomenon of the rainbow in terms of physics.
• The energy of water sources.

Course work is the first serious research that students perform. If the control and essays teachers focus on the content, for the course work is not less important and design. However, despite the importance of this type of work, many students do not know the rules for coursework design.

General requirements for coursework design

It is best to take the requirements for registration coursework or test work from the head. A sample or training manual allows you to familiarize yourself with the requirements of a particular department, which may differ from the requirements of the standard, moreover very significantly.

Usually the requirements for the design of coursework determine that the entire text should be written in Times New Roman, 14 pt in font size (12 pt in size is allowed). Align the text to the width. The spacing between the lines is single or one-and-a-half, there are no spacing after and before the paragraphs. The text color is black throughout the job. If you need to highlight some information, you can use the font of another headset.

Fields: upper and lower – 2 cm, left – 3 cm, right – 1 cm.

Headings are typed in the same font. They are located in the center or indention, some universities require boldface (although the design of coursework in 2019 does not allow the use of boldface).

Registration of drawings in coursework is carried out according to the following requirements:

• All pictures should be referenced in the text.
• The drawing itself is located after the first mention (on the same page or on the next).
• After the picture is placed the text: the word “Picture”, the number of the picture, a dash, the name of the picture.
• The numbering of the drawings can be both through and within the section.

The preparation of an electronic document the correct design of the course work is not completed. An example of the requirements for the subsequent stages of registration – printing is solely on the one hand. Paper size – A4. Work must be clean and tidy. On the page should not be more than 2 blots, but in any case it is better to reprint than correct.

Ends with the firmware. The course is usually fastened with a folder.

Registration of the title page

The title page is centered, except for student and supervisor data. This data equals on the right side. The following items should be on the title page:

• The name of the higher institution (Ministry of Science and Higher Education).
• The name of the institution where the student is studying (without abbreviations and abbreviations).
• Faculty and department where the student writes a coursework.
• The name of the item.
• Subject (in accordance with the order).
• Complete student data.
• Information about the supervisor.
• City, year, when the work was written.

The title of the work and the topic are sometimes marked in large and bold.

Registration of coursework content

You should build your text according to this scheme: title page – table of contents – introduction – main part – conclusions – list of references – applications. All of these parts must begin on a new page and be numbered correctly.

The title page has a number, but it is not put.

After the title page should be a list of contents, or content (different universities require different names for this element of the course work). The list indicates the structural elements of the course work (introduction, sections and subsections – standards for the coursework designation should highlight such elements, conclusion, list of sources used, applications, if available) and the number of pages on which they start. A placeholder can be used between the element name and the page number (most often in the form of dots).

Making a list of sources and footnotes

The list of references usually causes the most problems. Every sign is important here, so the teacher who conducts the control usually finds so many mistakes. First of all, take the guidelines on the department. This will help you. There should be accurate examples of the design of each type of information source. Follow these examples and everything will be fine. We will consider the main points that can facilitate this work for you.

Arrange all sources in alphabetical order by the name of the author. Regulatory acts, etc. placed in a separate list.

Sometimes students use footnotes in coursework. They are separated by a horizontal bar under the main text of the page. For footnotes use the same font, but smaller and with a smaller interval. The reference in the footnote is repeated in the list of sources. If the source is mentioned on the page two or more times, put the words “ibid.”

At the departments there are certain lists of topics that are distributed from year to year to students for writing essays. This happens in all universities and at all faculties. Because of this, teachers do not particularly value student essays on these topics. This is especially true for the economy. Imagine how many times your teacher evaluated essays on such commonplace topics. That is why it is so important to find a unique interesting topic in this specialty. So you immediately distinguish yourself and earn a good reputation.

On our site you can order an essay on absolutely any topic. And ten minutes after you fill out the application, the authors will offer you their services. Therefore, all you need to do to stand out from the group is to choose a topic. Of course, you can write a research paper yourself. Then, in addition to the topic, you will need to study some organizational issues, for example, how to properly draw up a research paper.

We decided to simplify your task and selected a list of topics that can be used for research paper.

• Economic theories of the Ancient world (Babylon, China, India, Egypt).
• Economic views of thinkers of Ancient Greece (Xenophon, Plato, Aristotle).
• The economic situation of canonism (St. Augustine, Thomas Aquinas).
• The essence of mercantilism as a school of economic thought (A. Montretien, T. Man, Colbert).
• Physiocracy (F. Quesnay, Turgot).
• Formation and development of the classical school of political economy (A. Smith, D. Ricardo, J.B. Say, T. Maltus and others).
• Marginal direction of economic theory.
• The essence of the neoclassical trend of modern economic theory.
• Keynesian direction of modern economic theory.
• Institutional and sociological direction of modern economic theory.
• Interpretation of the subject of economic theory by various schools of economists.
• Resources and their classification. Economic and non-economic resources.
• Rarity of goods and production. The content of the main problems of the economy.
• The problem of production efficiency in a market economy.
• The struggle for limited resources.
• Real and personal factors of production, methods for their connection.
• The essence of ownership as an economic category. The place and role of property relations in the system of economic relations of society.
• Assignment Types. The evolution of private property.
• The essence and features of collective (group) assignment. Classification of forms of state ownership.
• The role and importance of state ownership in the market system of farms.
• Advantages and disadvantages of private property. Tendencies and prospects of development of private property in the USA.
• State and municipal ownership.
• The essence and criteria of typification of economic systems. Characteristic features of pure capitalism, command, traditional and mixed economies.
• The essence and main features of a socially-oriented model of a market economy.
• The economic model of Sweden.
• Japanese economic model.
• Features of the American economic model.
• Economic models of new industrial countries.
• The concept of general economic forms (social forms of management). General characteristics of subsistence farming and commodity production.
• The importance of the social division of labor in the formation and development of the commodity economy.

Term paper, like the abstract, necessarily involves the use of works of reputable scientists – textbooks, monographs, articles. In light of this, it seems logical to make references and footnotes in term paper.

Ways of links in term paper

There are two approaches to how to link in a term paper:

1. Footnotes in the course can be made out in square brackets.
2. You can use footnotes, an example of which can be found in any textbook.

The way in which footnotes in the course are drawn up is determined by the department: both of the described variants of making footnotes are permissible.

Footnotes in square brackets do not cause questions at registration: in square brackets after the quotation (direct or indirect) the source number from the list of references is simply indicated.

Example 1

If you need to issue a footnote to the site, nothing more is required, if you need to issue a footnote to an article from a magazine or a book, then after the source number indicates the page from which the quotation is taken: [5, c. 117].

Somewhat more difficult to figure out how to put page references in the term paper.

Footnote rules in term paper

The design of references in term paper is from a technical point of view subject to the following requirements:

• The font with which you will draw footnotes coincides with the font of the main text.
• Size, which should be printed footnotes in the course: 2-4 points less than the main text, that is, the standard size – 10-12 pt.

Correctly make footnotes in the term paper on the following plan:

• Footnote sequence number (can be numbered or restarted on each page).
• Information about the source.
• Page number in the source.

Allowed to draw up literature in footnotes inside the text, under the word (bottom of the page) or behind the text (endnotes). Footnotes on the source in term paper are usually made at the bottom of the page.

How to make footnotes

The type of source used determines how to make footnotes to it in the term paper.

Example 2

Example: for the textbook, the author, title, publisher, and city of publication are indicated, and such information cannot be specified for the site.

Usually the first question is how to put footnotes on textbooks, manuals and monographs in term paper.

Example 3

Example: 1 O. Summers. Economic history of the European Union: studies. for universities. – M .: Education, 2016. – p. 307.

Example 4

A shorter description of the source in the footnote is also acceptable. For example, it might look like this: 1 O. Summers. Economic history of the European Union. M., 2016. P. 307.

After the source was mentioned in the footnote, it is possible to make footnotes to it in the term paper even more briefly.

Example 5

At the location of mentions in a row, the text of the second footnote is replaced by the words “Ibid.”

Using the Internet requires making footnotes to electronic resources.

How to make footnotes in term paper

Difficulties can also cause the question of how to put links in the term paper when typing text with footnotes in MS Word. An example of a common mistake: a student manually puts the source numbers in square brackets throughout the text. Then it is enough to make minimal changes in the list of references (add or remove one source) – and all the footnotes no longer correspond to reality.

Software developers have thought out how to conveniently put footnotes in term paper. Examples of useful tools:

• Tab “Links”, “Insert endnote” – for footnotes placed at the bottom of the page.
• Tab “Links”, block “Links and references” – for in-text links.
• Tab “Links”, “Cross-reference” – for links in square brackets to the source number from the bibliographic list.