August 2019 – Page 3

Format of references and footnotes in term paper

Term paper, like the abstract, necessarily involves the use of works of reputable scientists – textbooks, monographs, articles. In light of this, it seems logical to make references and footnotes in term paper.

Ways of links in term paper

There are two approaches to how to link in a term paper:

Footnotes in the course can be made out in square brackets.
You can use footnotes, an example of which can be found in any textbook.

The way in which footnotes in the course are drawn up is determined by the department: both of the described variants of making footnotes are permissible.

Footnotes in square brackets do not cause questions at registration: in square brackets after the quotation (direct or indirect) the source number from the list of references is simply indicated.

Example 1

If you need to issue a footnote to the site, nothing more is required, if you need to issue a footnote to an article from a magazine or a book, then after the source number indicates the page from which the quotation is taken: [5, c. 117].

Somewhat more difficult to figure out how to put page references in the term paper.

Footnote rules in term paper

The design of references in term paper is from a technical point of view subject to the following requirements:

The font with which you will draw footnotes coincides with the font of the main text.
Size, which should be printed footnotes in the course: 2-4 points less than the main text, that is, the standard size – 10-12 pt.

Correctly make footnotes in the term paper on the following plan:

Footnote sequence number (can be numbered or restarted on each page).
Information about the source.
Page number in the source.

Allowed to draw up literature in footnotes inside the text, under the word (bottom of the page) or behind the text (endnotes). Footnotes on the source in term paper are usually made at the bottom of the page.

How to make footnotes

The type of source used determines how to make footnotes to it in the term paper.

Example 2

Example: for the textbook, the author, title, publisher, and city of publication are indicated, and such information cannot be specified for the site.

Usually the first question is how to put footnotes on textbooks, manuals and monographs in term paper.

Example 3

Example: 1 O. Summers. Economic history of the European Union: studies. for universities. – M .: Education, 2016. – p. 307.

Example 4

A shorter description of the source in the footnote is also acceptable. For example, it might look like this: 1 O. Summers. Economic history of the European Union. M., 2016. P. 307.

After the source was mentioned in the footnote, it is possible to make footnotes to it in the term paper even more briefly.

Example 5

At the location of mentions in a row, the text of the second footnote is replaced by the words “Ibid.”

Using the Internet requires making footnotes to electronic resources.

How to make footnotes in term paper

Difficulties can also cause the question of how to put links in the term paper when typing text with footnotes in MS Word. An example of a common mistake: a student manually puts the source numbers in square brackets throughout the text. Then it is enough to make minimal changes in the list of references (add or remove one source) – and all the footnotes no longer correspond to reality.

Software developers have thought out how to conveniently put footnotes in term paper. Examples of useful tools:

Tab “Links”, “Insert endnote” – for footnotes placed at the bottom of the page.
Tab “Links”, block “Links and references” – for in-text links.
Tab “Links”, “Cross-reference” – for links in square brackets to the source number from the bibliographic list.

Dissertation format in 2019

The thesis shows everything that the student has learned in a higher educational institution, allows to realize the acquired knowledge and professional training. Incorrect design can cause non-admission to the protection of even a very good job.

The rules for the design of the thesis are determined by the universities, and they must be registered in the training manual. If in your university your own rules of writing a thesis are not published, you can write a dissertation, based on state standards. Here we analyze what the requirements are for the design of a dissertation in 2019.

Structure requirements

Title page.
List of performers.
Abstract.
Content.
Definitions
Notation and abbreviations.
Introduction
Main part.
Conclusion
List of sources used.
Applications.

The first, that is, the title page, is drawn up in the same way as in all written works. The list of performers for the thesis, as a rule, is limited to one student (although sometimes there are collective works) indicated on the title page.

Definition 1

The abstract is a summary of the content of the thesis without detailed interpretation and comments – only basic factual information and conclusions, including the volume of the report, the number of illustrations, tables, applications, the number of parts, the number of sources used.

The content is as follows:

Introduction
Chapters.
Paragraphs.
Items.
Sub items
Conclusion
List of sources used.

In front of each item of content should be an indication of the page.

In the introductory part, it is necessary to briefly and succinctly describe the object and subject of research, describe the goals and objectives, research methods, scientific and practical base. The volume of the introduction is 2-3 pages.

Next are chapters. They can be divided into three parts. In the first one, it is necessary to analyze and assess the problem at the moment, how topical it is, what problems have already been revealed, and which of them require further study. This is followed by the scientific research of the author, what goals he set for himself, what methods he used to achieve them. The last chapter is devoted to the results of the study. In conclusion, you should make a conclusion of your research.

References should consist of no less than forty sources; each of them should not be more than 5 years old, otherwise the information may be irrelevant. At the very end of the work there should be an application, that is, a collection of visual materials: graphs, charts, tables, illustrations. Each application is decorated on a separate sheet, and it must contain a link to the text.

Design of title page and table of contents of the thesis

Considering how to get a dissertation, we must dwell on the title page – it is the commission that sees it first. The requirements for the design of the thesis indicate that the title page should contain the following information:

The name of the organization on the basis of which the work was done (institute, university, academy), as well as the name of the parent organization (in 2019 for most universities this is the Ministry of Science and Higher Education).
Vultures approval and approval.
Type of document (thesis, thesis project, final qualifying work). Type of document indicated in capital letters.
The title of the thesis.
Information about the performer (s) and the head (s) of the thesis, indicating academic degrees and academic titles.
City and year in which the report was prepared.

Registration of the content (or table of contents) of the thesis should begin with the title of this section:

Table of contents is usually written if parts of the work are logically interconnected (as is most often the case in a thesis work)
The content is more typical for works consisting of unrelated parts, but in some universities it is required to use this word in the dissertation.

The content (table of contents) includes an introduction, the names of all sections and subsections, as well as items having their own name, conclusion, list of references and appendix names. Each element is followed by an indication of the page number from which it begins. A placeholder can be used between the section name and the page number, making it easier to read by line (dots or lines).

Registration of the text of the thesis

Standards for thesis design regulate the designation of titles in the dissertation and the design of the main text.

Headings of structural elements (such as “INTRODUCTION”, “CONCLUSION”, “LIST OF USED SOURCES”) are printed in capital letters, aligning the center of the line. There is no dot at the end, underscore is not used.

The main part of the work is divided into sections, subsections and paragraphs (if necessary – with subparagraphs). These parts are numbered in Arabic numerals, and the numbers of the nested elements contain the number of a higher level and the sequence number of the nested element.

Example 1

An example of a dissertation heading: 1 Theoretical aspects of inflation 1.1 History of inflation 1.1.1 Inflation in the XV-XVII centuries 1.1.2 Inflation in the XVIII-XIX centuries 1.2 Approaches to the definition of inflation

Headings should briefly and clearly reflect the information contained in a section or subsection. Items may not have headers. Headings should be typed with a capital letter, without putting a full stop. Headings are printed with indention indentation (they are not aligned to the width, like structural headings).

The main text of the work is prepared in print, printed on white A4 paper (if there are many larger tables and illustrations in the work, use of sheets A3 is allowed) on one side. The font should be black, normal (not bold), with a size of at least 12 pins (1.8 mm) – 14 pins are most often used.

Registration of final qualifying work provides that the sheets remain fields:

Right – at least 10 mm.
Top and bottom – at least 20 mm.
Left – at least 30 mm (it is the largest, because the dissertation is sewn to the left).

Describing how a thesis is made out, there is a certain freedom: you can use different typeface fonts to emphasize attention (the main thing is that their size meets the requirements).

Formulas, illustrations and tables in the thesis

For ease of comparison and clarity in theses used tables. Basic requirements for the design of tables:

Above the table on the left is placed its name (in one line with a number after a dash).
The table should be mentioned in the text, and placed immediately after the first mention (if it does not fit, it is permissible to transfer to the next page).
If the table is placed on two or more pages, the name is written before the first part of it, and on other pages they indicate: “Continuation of the table” and the number.
The tables are numbered in Arabic numerals within the section or through numbering for the entire dissertation.
Line headings and a graph start with a capital letter, and subtitles – with a capital letter, if they are independent, or lower case, if they continue the title.
The font in the table may be less than in the main text.
Tables are usually limited to lines. Inside the tables, you can delimit the line, but you cannot delimit, if the table is well read without them.

In the illustration, as well as in the table, you need to refer to the text, and place them after the first mention (on the same page or the next). Numbering for illustrations may be end-to-end or within a section. After the picture is placed its name, divided by the number of the dash: “Figure 1 – Graph of temperature changes.”

Formulation in the dissertation subject to the following requirements:

Formulas stand out from the text on a separate line.
Above and below the formulas are left on the free line.
Under the formula you need to put an explanation of the symbols used and the coefficients in the order mentioned in the formula.
Formulas are numbered end-to-end. The number is indicated in parentheses with right alignment.

Dissertation abstract

Dissertation abstract is a brief description of the thesis. Translated from the Latin word “abstract” means “note”. Those. This is a small note on the dissertation, written in a concise form. It is written for members of the attestation commission so that they can quickly read it and understand what your dissertation is about. It may be in the form of a completed dissertation supplement, or it may be the first sheet of a handout to a dissertation. It seems to me that the second option is more convenient, since you will not have to wait until all the commission members take turns reading your abstract.

Abstract structure

It should be remembered that this is a brief description, so stretch the whole page or no longer follows. Your note should be written in 1-2 paragraphs, not more, and consist of 130-150 words. Teachers should very quickly, in 1-2 minutes familiarize themselves with the dissertation.

The abstract should reflect the characteristics of the thesis in terms of:

Its meanings
Content
Forms and methods
Problems

The composition of the abstract is approximately as follows:

The name of the thesis and the name of the student
The main provisions of the thesis (based on the goals and objectives)
The hypothesis and problems of the dissertation
Dissertation structure
Enumeration of the number of pages, figures, graphs and the number of sources and pages in the graduation project.

Phrases that help in writing abstracts

Because Dissertation abstract should be as brief as possible, it is necessary to make the most concise sentences. The following phrases will help you with this:

The dissertation is investigated …
The dissertation is considered …
The dissertation characterizes …
Thesis is dedicated to …
A great place in the dissertation is given …
Described in detail …
The thesis describes the theory …
Etc.

Many students do not want to spend valuable time on small work, such as a dissertation presentation or abstract. And rightly so. For a small amount we can order these types of work for the minimum period. Moreover, you can choose the author yourself, based on the price and its rating.

Choosing a dissertation topic

Thesis is a very important stage in the life of each student. Therefore, the choice of topics should be approached responsibly, even if you decide to order all the work from us. Of course, you can finally decide on the topic, price and everything else with the selected author, but still it is better to rely on yourself on this issue. Our authors will execute any project that you order. And you still need to defend him before a strict commission. So it is better to take a topic that is interesting to you, and approve it at the department.

So, how to decide on a topic? You can follow the instructions at the very end of the article on the choice of the course topic. But still, a dissertation is a more serious thing, so the following recommendations are specific to her.

General knowledge

To write a thesis on an issue in which you do not understand anything is an impossible task. Try to write coursework on a similar topic for the entire period of study, and then the dissertation will only have to correct the topic. If you have not taken care of this in advance, then think that you are most interested in your specialty and choose from this area.

Relevance

The interests of the student are good, but the thesis should be relevant. In fact, the relevance of the work is determined by the degree of its knowledge. It is necessary to justify when writing an introduction to the dissertation. If there are any little developed aspects of the topic – it is a priori relevant. If you still doubt – contact your supervisor. He will tell you.

Scope of work

Remember that the dissertation is a voluminous work. It should be from 50 pages of printed text. Therefore, when choosing a topic, make sure that it is not too narrow, otherwise you can get into a situation where there will be nothing to write about. Then in your thesis work there will be an extra “water”, which will lead to a decrease in the quality of all the work.

Sources of information

When selecting a topic, it is important to remember that not all information is publicly available. Therefore, whatever topic is interesting for you, do not take it, if there are only a couple of sources in the library about it.

Introduction to the essay

The fear of a clean sheet is familiar even to experienced writers; for students, the more serious problem may be how to begin entering an essay.

How to start writing an essay

Examples of essays that can be found on the Internet are very diverse. At its core, the essay genre involves considerable creative freedom (far more than coursework and diploma regulated by standards and methodological manuals). The topic of the essay is usually different problem and debatable – in this work it is not enough just to retell written in the textbook, as often happens in the abstract, or to apply the method of solving the problem, as in the control.

When writing in the introduction essay, you can be guided by an example of the logic of construction, familiar from the abstract, and start with the relevance of the topic.

Example 1

At the same time, we must not forget that the essay is characterized by a journalistic rather than a scientific style of speech, therefore, patterns like “the relevance of the topic of work is due to …” are not relevant to it; on the other hand, rhetorical questions and appeals to the reader are admissible: “Have you ever thought about whether …” – or, alternatively, “Few people think that…”.

The introduction to the essay may include the following aspects:

Relevance of the topic.
Historical review, the degree of knowledge of the problem, the scientific interest shown to it.
Characteristics of the object of study (problem area), its state and key terminology.

Types of entries in the essay

Before you write an entry in an essay, it is useful to familiarize yourself with the types of entries that are possible for an essay. Examples of the most popular varieties (in fact, much more):

Historical entry.

Example 2

To make it clear what we are talking about, we will give the text of the entry from Star Wars: “Once upon a time, in a far-away galaxy …”. Fairy tales begin in the same way. It is applicable to the essay – you can compare the past and the present: “A few centuries ago, money was made of precious metals, and mankind did not know what inflation is.”

Biographical introduction. It is appropriate if this essay is about a person (or his work).
Analytical entry. You can start an essay by defining key terms (appearing in the heading or relevant to the presentation):

Example 3

At the household level, every adult knows what money is, but economics has not yet formulated a clear definition of this concept.

Quote entry. As the first sentence of the essay, you can use a quotation suitable for the meaning of one of the great ones (scholars, writers, politicians). In this case, the main part of the essay can both confirm and refute the content of the quotation.
Personal entry. You can talk about personal experience, which led to the choice of topics.

How to make an entry in the essay

Entry into the essay is not allocated as a separate block (no title is made like “Introduction” or “Introduction”), it is not placed on a separate page. After the introduction, no empty lines are needed – the subsequent text immediately begins. Due to the small volume of most essays, the volume of the entry is usually less than a page (several paragraphs of text). It is necessary to provide a logical transition between the introductory part and the main text.

When making an entry, the same settings are used (from a technical point of view) as in the entire text (no need to make it in italics or in other ways): most often it is Times New Roman, 12 or 14 size, one and a half line spacing, indent “red lines” at 1.25 centimeters.

Sample report cover page

The design of scientific work is regulated by standards. This also applies to the design of the report. The report begins with the title page. This is the face of your work, which indicates important information. Of course, everything should be correctly placed and formatted. What does the title page sample look like?

Information on the title page of the report

The following data is indicated on the title page of the report:

the name of the institution
Title of the report
Name of the author, or authors
Information about the author (academic degree, where he works or studies)
City
annotation

Presentation of the title page of the report

In the upper part of the sheet in capital letters write the word “REPORT”, under it indicate the topic of the report. The name should be clear, but as short as possible. Three lines – the limit of the topic name.

The title of the report is as follows:

font Times New Roman,
Bold
font size 14pt.
All words are capitalized.
The name is aligned in the center, indentation is not necessary;
the intervals along the sides of the text (before the first line and after the last line) should be 12 pt.

Next, indent and indicate the names of the authors of the report. If there are several, then the first one is written, which the report will protect. All the rest in alphabetical order. Font Times New Roman without bold or italics, size – 12pt, small uppercase. The text is centered. Indents and intervals in the text are not set. Initials stand in front of a surname. Authors, if there are several, are indicated with a comma. The point at the end is not set. If co-authors work or study in different places, then organizations are numbered. They are indicated by indices and are placed after the surname without a space.

The name of the place of work / study is written in Times New Roman font, the text does not stand out in any way, size 12 pt.

The text is centered. Indentation is not necessary. At the edges of the text you need to set the interval at 6 pt. The organizations in which the authors work / study need to be numbered. Each number must be put in front of the name of the organization without a space. Set the number as an index, choosing the top location.

At the bottom of the sheet is an abstract to the report.

Annotation

Annotation is a short presentation of your report. A few points on which the work is based. After reading the annotation, a person must understand what will be discussed in the report. This is like a small job certificate.

An annotation must be written for each report. The volume of annotation should be no more than 10 lines.

The abstract is drawn like this:

font Times New Roman plain,
size 10 pt.,
justified in width
padding to the left and right of the text is 8 mm.

Before the text write the word “Abstract”.

The report itself is drawn up as follows: Times New Roman font, size – 14 pt., margins: 2 cm from the bottom, 2 cm from the top, 2 cm from the right, 2 cm from the left, line spacing – single.

A sample title page of a report can easily be found on the Internet. Also take an interest in the teacher – perhaps he will give you an example of work.

In the work, and especially on the title page, there should be no spelling or punctuation errors. This really spoils the impression of work and the author.

Be sure to take the guidelines of your school. They should be your primary source of information about writing and design, as they will check you on them.

Sample Report

What should be a sample report? What to base on when writing? These questions worry many students, because this work should be carried out taking into account strict requirements.

What needs to be considered during the writing process? First of all, you need to make a reservation about the format. The report is typed and then printed on A4 sheets. At the same time, the volume of the finished material ranges from 4-6 full pages. This is taking into account the illustrations, all the necessary schemes, diagrams, tables. Each page is prepared in a text editor Microsoft Word.

Key job requirements

It should be noted and other important requirements. The report certainly implies:

portrait orientation of sheets;
lack of arrangement of numbers on pages;
thoroughly edited document.

Field design deserves special attention. On the left, 3 cm is left. The upper and lower parts should not be more or less than 2 cm. Indent on the right side of the document is 1.5 cm.

How to make a theme?

This work makes special demands not only on the design of the title page, but even on the indication of the name of the project. The subject of the report is typed in Times New Roman, 14 pt. The letters are strictly uppercase. In this case, a bold font is selected.

Aligning the topic of the report is done in the center of the page. Indentation in this situation is not required, hyphenation is unacceptable. Moreover, you cannot leave any pretexts without a keyword at the end of a line.

Also on the title page you will need to indicate:

authors of the project;
name of the organization for which the material is being prepared;
year of writing the work.

As for the text of the project itself, it is also typed in Times New Roman font. For this, 12 pt. is selected. It is necessary to align the typed text strictly to the width of the sheet.

Of course, to cope with the writing of the report, taking into account all the nuances indicated, is not easy. It is especially difficult for those students who have to combine university studies and work, as well as family life. If there is no time to create a competent, properly executed work, then it is optimal to turn to experts. Our authors can easily cope with the writing of the report. They will offer ready-made competent, properly executed work at a strictly agreed time.

Separate moments of registration

What else should the sample report take into account? When designing the material, do not forget about:

intervals (after the paragraph – 0 pt.; before the paragraph – 6 pt.);
single line spacing;
indent in 1.25 cm;
the introduction of only black and white illustrations or drawings in the spectrum of gray colors;
automatic hyphenation.

When writing a report, it is very important to abandon the forced word break or create additional spaces.

If you need to add a formula to the text of the work, you should use the Microsoft Equation 3.0 editor. When making links, each regular source number is indicated in square brackets. Under no circumstances is the use of automatic links to tables, figures, and lists in the material. It is necessary to give links exclusively to those sources that were precisely used in the work.

As for the drawings used as part of the work, they are performed in JPEG format. Each illustration should be clear and easy to read. For this, it is optimal to use a resolution of at least 300 dpi.

How to finish an essay

Psychologists say that what was said at the end of a conversation is best remembered. For educational work this is doubly true: usually the teacher carefully reads only the introduction and conclusion. Therefore, it is so important a serious attitude to how to finish an essay.

Tips for writing a conclusion in an essay

Any student work – with the exception of the solution of problems involving a numerical answer – ends with a conclusion or conclusions. The conclusion in the essay is essentially similar to the conclusion in other works – for example, in the course paper or abstract:

The final conclusion in the essay should be based on the facts and arguments set forth in the main part of the work, on the considered positions of scientists and the results of experiments. The final part of the essay should be consistent with the elements of expert opinion given in the text.
The conclusion in the essay should not contain fundamentally new facts – only generalizations mentioned earlier.
The style of the conclusion should correspond to the style of the whole work. If the work is written in a dry scientific style, you should not add artistic means to the conclusion, otherwise it will look like a foreign, artificially attached, and not an organic continuation. Similarly, if the publicistic style was taken as a basis: the conclusion should not be significantly stricter.
Do not reinsure yourself with the words “In my humble opinion”, “Although I am not an expert” and the like. It looks like excuses and insecurities.
The main thing is for the reader to understand that the essay is complete, a logical conclusion is present; so that there would be no feeling that the author wrote, wrote, and then distracted him, and the work remained unfinished.

Types of detention in the essay

There are several approaches to how to complete an essay:

A rhetorical question. If the essay was written in the form of questions and answers, you can complete it with a rhetorical question, forcing the reader to think about what they read and formulate a conclusion for themselves.

Example 1

A rhetorical question does not imply a concrete answer, for example: “How much longer will our people suffer blatant injustice?” Does not imply an answer in the style of “Three years and two months”, but hints that it is time to change something.

Summarizing the author’s position. The classic version of the completion of the text. It is enough to simply summarize the conclusion that follows from the above.

Example 2

This type of conclusion can be begun with the words “So”, “Thus”, “Having analyzed … it is possible to conclude”.

Call for action.

Example 3

For educational essays, this is not very typical, but some social topics can be solved with the help of this conclusion, for example: “Let’s start with ourselves and stop smoking tomorrow”, “Take the phone and just call the closest person – the world will be a little better”.

Using quotes. It is much easier to make a quotation in the epigraph, but sometimes it is relevant in the conclusion: “As we see, even today Lermontov’s remains“… the land of slaves, the land of gentlemen.
Ring composition. The conclusion should overlap with the introduction. The simplest option: in the introduction, the question is posed, in conclusion, the answer is given to it: “Now we can confidently answer that …”.

Methods for writing conclusions in the essay

The method of writing conclusions should be chosen long before the essay is completed – preferably even before beginning work on the text. Examples of methods:

In the process of writing the main part to jot down ideas for the ending. Putting forward and justifying a new thesis, jot it down on a separate sheet – then by the end of the work on the main part you will have a blank for conclusion.
Imagine that the reader asks the question: “So what?”. Explain to him, with the help of a conclusion, why he read the entire text for nothing, that he should bear it for himself.
Try to bring the reader to a higher level of awareness of your work. Do not just mechanically repeat what was said earlier, but make him want to answer, argue or share his experience.

Making a conclusion in an essay

One aspect of how to write a conclusion in an essay is design. The conclusion of the conclusion in the essay is very simple:

No title is required (“conclusion”, “conclusions” or the like). You do not even need to start the conclusion of a new page. It is enough to complete the thought (constituting the last part of the main text of the work) and smoothly proceed to the formulation of conclusions.
The conclusion begins with a new paragraph without special delimiters (no need to scratch it out or use other means).
The conclusion should be commensurate with the essay itself. If the essay takes 3 pages, it is inappropriate to withdraw one and a half of them to a conclusion. According to the general principle, the conclusion should be 5-10% of the amount of work; accordingly, in a three-page essay it should be about a third of a page.
The font parameters do not change when writing a conclusion: if the entire text is written in size 14 Times New Roman, the conclusion is also written.

Topics of research papers in biology

Quite often, students have to write essays on various topics. This simplifies the work of the teacher and offers the opportunity to reward the student. Sometimes the department already has a list of topics on which essays are needed. But teachers always love initiative people, therefore they always support a student if he himself has found an interesting topic. If you want the teacher to remember you, then do just that. You do not even have to write a research paper yourself. You can simply order it from us. This is much cheaper than in agencies, because we authors and customers communicate in person and agree on a price themselves. In addition, you do not have to understand the structure of the essay and the various types of essays yourself. Therefore, this option is the most optimal.

But regardless of whether you decide to write yourself or order from us, you still need to choose an interesting topic, which is not at all simple. Therefore, for such cases, we have selected for you a list of topics that you can use for an essay on biology.

Biological features of animal migration.
The essence of the biosphere and civilization.
Characterization of DNA biosynthesis.
Biogeocenoses as important biological processes.
Proteins: chemical composition, properties and significance for the human body.
Anthropogenesis: essence and features.
Features of the practical application of algae.
Genetics as an important component of biological science.
The cycle of substances in nature.
The role of medicinal plants in human life.
Development and manufacture of transgenic products.
Hereditary human diseases: background.
The selection process: features and significance.
Characterization of puberty.
Basic theories of human origin.
Genetic engineering and its main problems.
The essence of cloning.
Unlimited possibilities of the brain.
Modern biotechnology.
Aging process.
Photosynthesis is a unique natural phenomenon.
The characteristic of human biorhythms.
Rare and endangered species of birds.
Plants listed in the Red Book.
Endangered animals.
Species of races: features of their origin.
The specifics of immunity.
The main reserves of the United States.
Enzymes: functions and determination of their activity.
Characteristic features of the regeneration process.

Research paper: how many pages should it be?

A research paper is one of the most common types of work among both students and schoolchildren. There are many reasons for writing essays: starting from the desire to close the extra pass or get an extra score in the exam and ending with the main research work. Nevertheless, no matter how often you have to write a research paper, how many pages should be in this work always remains an urgent issue.

The total amount of research paper

First of all, it depends on the place of your training. So, if you are still in school, the average volume of school essay is about 10-15 pages. If you are already studying at a university, then the amount of work increases to 20-30 pages. Unlike other types of work, the scope of the research paper takes into account all pages, from the title page to the list of references, with the exception of applications. When starting to write a research paper, it is important to remember that, unlike a report or review, this type of work involves not only presenting and researching the issue, but also formulating your own conclusions, which means that you need to maintain a balance between “water” and the brevity that you fill in your work.

Summary: how many pages should be?

In order to answer this question, it is best to outline the size of each part of the work. As you know, the research paper consists of a title page, table of contents, introduction, body, conclusion, list of references and, if necessary, an appendix. So, the approximate number of pages in each part of the work is as follows:

Title page and table of contents – one page at a time. It is important to remember that despite the fact that the serial number is not put on the front page, it is nevertheless included in the general numbering.
Introduction – 1-2 pages for school work and 2-3 pages for student work. In the introduction, you will outline the main tasks and goals of your work.
The main part is 5-10 pages in the school essay and 10-20 in the student essay. The volume of this part directly depends on the number of chapters and sections in your essay.
Conclusion – 1-3 pages for a school essay and 3-5 pages in the work of a student of a university. In this part, you state your conclusions and summarize the work.
The list of references rarely takes more than one page, but, of course, depends on the number of sources that you accessed during the work.
Applications are not taken into account in the total volume of the research paper, which means that their size is not limited. However, it is desirable that this part does not exceed the size of the main work.

Of course, these values are very approximate and largely depend on the requirements of the teacher or on your own abilities.

Naturally, if you were given the task of writing an essay, the volume of which should not be less than 30 pages, then the number of pages for each part may be different. If there are no strict conditions in terms of volume, then you can safely be guided by our advice.

To write or not to write?

Some students are faced with situations where the topic of the essay is little studied, or it is necessary to write more than one essay at once, how many pages should be in each of the works will be the last question that concerns such students. In such cases, many turn to the Internet and download finished work, sometimes without even bothering to read them. However, this approach often guarantees a low score or that the teacher simply will not accept the job, because they also know how to use search engines, and finding the downloaded essay is not so difficult. If you want to get a truly unique job and not sit at the writing yourself, then you can always contact our company. The authors who work with us have extensive experience in writing both school and student essays on various topics.