September 2019 – Page 182

Types of research papers

All students write a large number of written works, including essays. But only a few know the differences between the research paper and the report. In the latter case, we are talking about petty work in which the student copies information from various sources, mainly without analysis. In the research paper, processed information, relevant analysis and conclusions are important. This work is much more complicated and many students prefer to order it from us. After all, we provide the opportunity to communicate with the author directly, which makes it possible to get such a research paper as if you wrote it yourself. In addition, we give a twenty-day guarantee for your work, during which you may request amendments and changes.

To write a research paper yourself, get acquainted with the species into which they are divided based on the tasks:

1) Productive

Research paper report
Research paper Review

2) Reproductive

Research paper
Research paper-summary

A reproductive research paper reproduces information from a source, mainly this type is suitable for some technical areas where it is difficult to convey text in your own words. The productive type contains a creative understanding of the source.

A research paper review is written based on several sources. The main thing in this essay is to show various points of view on this issue. In the research paper report, in addition to the analysis of the source, there is also an objective assessment of the problem. The structure of the essay of this kind is different from others.

The research paper contains information in a generalized form. And also it has illustrative material, showing research methods, results and conclusions. And in the research paper-summary there are only the main provisions of the topic.

Based on the topic that you have chosen for your essay, you can decide on its appearance. You just need to determine what should be and what can be omitted in connection with the topic under consideration.

Research paper structure

When writing an essay, it is very important to structure it correctly. Otherwise, inconsistent and illogical storytelling can lower the rating for the work. Indeed, a research paper is a collection and generalization of ready-made material, therefore, in principle, a student is only required to competently structure it and analyze the information.

Most often, the research paper has a completely standard structure: introduction, main part and conclusion. Already in this scheme, various changes can be added. For example, an introduction can be broken down into logical parts, such as, for example, relevance, history, modernity, etc. Similarly, the appearance of other parts may change.

In order not to suffer yourself, you can give us work. Just create an application on the site and indicate the approximate price and terms. And the authors will offer you their services. You don’t have to worry that the work will not be ready on time. All authors guarantee timely publication. After all, everyone knows that time is money.

Standard structuring

Despite the fact that the structure may be different, any research paper should have:

Title page. How to formalize it in a classic way, you can read in the article “How to properly draw up a research paper? “. And if your university has a manual on this issue, then it is better to contact her.
Table of contents. All sections and paragraphs into which you are going to divide your essay should be written in the table of contents with the page numbers on which they are located.
Introduction The introduction can be of any kind, but usually in this part the author reports on the relevance of the topic, identifies goals and sets goals.
Main part. Here the author has complete freedom. You can do 2-3 chapters, but you can at least all 10. And they, in turn, can still be divided into paragraphs. The main thing is that the number of chapters is justified by the amount of information.
Conclusion Here you need to draw conclusions, but how you decide. It is possible to approve several conclusions thesis or to express some general result with one thought, or you can even come up with your own way.
This is the only mandatory part of the essay, which should be drawn up in a certain way. How to do this, read the article “References for research paper”

Little trick

The teacher is also a person. And if research papers are submitted in writing, imagine how much work he needs to check with the whole group. Usually happens how? He reads the first 3-4 works thoughtfully, thoroughly, and the subsequent ones begin to simply scroll through. So if the essay is clearly structured and all the paragraphs with titles that reflect their essence are written in the table of contents, the teacher will see that, like, you organized everything like that – that means that the work is of good quality. Closes – and puts the five.

Help with a history essay?

QUESTION
Help with a history essay?
According to the Brookings Institute, the trust in government reached an all time high in 1958 and a all time low in 2006. Use three specific examples to explain this change over time.

I assume that the all time low is referring to Bush’s presidency, but I’m having trouble figuring out what the all time high would have been in 1958. Any guesses / suggestions on how to write this essay?

ANSWER
Clearly the essay must be cronological. But for the hight in 1958 look at the events of the previous 30 years. During the great depression Roosevelt lead the nation with confidence towards a better future. Rosevelt adressed the nation roughly every few months giving the people a straight-forward and honest review of the nation as well as how the administration was planing to make the nation stronger socially and economically. During the second world war newsreels portrayed american conduct with a bright attitude. Newspapers even went so far as to give troop movements for what was happening in europe and the pacific. Also I must note that the second world war unified the nation by a clearly defined us versus them, any homefront newsreel will give a good example. The newsreels fueled a patriotic spirit in america showing the might of American industry and army, the resolve of its people, and the righteous sacrifice the war was placing upon them.

When the 1950s came around the American economy was the most productive the world had ever seen. The war had effectively left the United States with the only strong factories. Germany, England, & Japan the pre-war giants were bombed to rubble and The Soviets were inefficient and too far behind to compete, this left the world dependant on American goods. With this boom Americans were happy. They had won the War (rationalized as having a superior government), they were the center of manufacture and commerce, and were moving to an even more egalitarian society after Brown v Board. So they were proud and believed the Government was good as they had brought them to this point.

Things in between then and now, The hippies questioning everything and causing a great divide in american society, Lies by the government about the Vietnam was, Nixon conspiring to control the government, Clinton and his misdoings, little progress and incompetent fellings toward the army in the Iraq Conflict. and the feeling of curruption in the American system.

Hope that will start you off well enough. I would write more, however my expertise is in the 1950s.

Presentation to the thesis defense

Thesis is not enough to write; it must also be protected. The requirement of most universities was the preparation of not only the speech, but also the presentation of the graduation project – this allows not to print bulky posters and handouts, at the same time using visual images.

What should be in the presentation to the thesis

The presentation should reflect the content of the thesis, making any new information (compared with the text of the work itself) is unacceptable. A thesis is a volume work that takes 60-80 sheets; it is impossible to place them completely on the presentation slides. When preparing a presentation, it is better to focus not on the thesis itself, but on the speech to it – it is precisely between these elements that the connection is the closest, it is they who form a holistic presentation.

The main parts of the presentation:

Title page. In the presentation, it can be made out a little differently than in the printout of the thesis itself, but the basic information for the commission should be reflected on it: the topic of the work, its type (“Graduation qualification work”, “The graduation project”), student and manager data.
The purpose, objectives, subject and object of study.
Justification of the relevance of the work. It is recorded briefly, not as fully developed as in the introduction.
The basic theoretical position of the topic. In the presentation, as in the speech, it is carried out very little from the first chapter. You can put on the slides a few definitions of the most important concepts, or some meaningful scheme.
The results of the analysis – tables, charts.
Justification of proposals and recommendations.
The final slide – “Thank you for your attention.”

The usual presentation volume is about 15 slides.

Presentation of a thesis

If the drawings and posters are prepared strictly, then the presentation gives the student a certain freedom to choose the design. A mandatory requirement is the design in a business style, because the protection of a thesis is a formal event, limited by business etiquette. Tips for the design of the thesis presentation:

The presentation template should correspond to the thesis topic. It is preferable to completely abandon the meaningless images in the design (of various ornaments and stripes – floral, technical and geometric). It is enough to accentuate the title of the slide.
The background for the presentation is better to choose light (and the font is dark) – this combination is perceived on the big screen more easily than inverse. If the commission will have to peer into the text and suffer in attempts to disassemble it, the performance will cause negative emotions.
The font should be large – at least 28 points for the main text and 32 points for headings. This requires a reduction in the amount of text on one slide. You do not need to strive to put the speech in the presentation: the main information should be told, you can put some key points on the slides (as a hint for yourself) or information that is poorly perceived by ear (tables with numerical data, charts, graphs).
Do not abuse the text. Everything that can be designed as a scheme should be made that way. This makes the presentation more visual.

A presentation for the protection of a thesis, for example, may contain an organizational (tree) diagram.

Presentation programs allow you to add various animation effects and transitions. In a presentation to defend a thesis, they are irrelevant; a sample of a presentation that is comfortable for perception does not contain “manifestation”, “fading”, “departures” and other ways of the appearance and disappearance of slide elements.
Scrolling through slides should be done manually, not by timer. It is impossible to predict exactly how long it will take on a particular slide. Scrolling on the projector is carried out either by the remote control, or with the help of an “operator” sitting at the laptop (as a rule, someone from the group’s defendants).

How to prepare a presentation for the protection of the thesis

Presentation preparation is the final stage of work on the thesis. By the time work begins on it, the text should have already been verified and agreed with the supervisor. An exception is the presentation on the pre-defense, which allows you to rehearse the performance.

A few tips on how to make a presentation to the thesis:

The main information to be presented in the presentation is contained in the introduction and conclusion of the thesis. They can be supplemented with illustrations from the chapters, but the text itself from these structural elements is sufficient.
The presentation is more convenient to prepare in parallel with the speech. This will make in the speech references to the slides, place the slides in a logical order and echoes the speech. Looks ugly when a presentation slide on a speech is not accompanied by verbal comments. It should be borne in mind that if a slide contains a lot of information (it takes a lot of time for consideration), the accompanying speech should be of suitable duration. Otherwise, either the students will not have time to familiarize themselves with the slide, or there will be a pause (which makes an unpleasant impression).
A common program for preparing presentations is Microsoft PowerPoint. A similar product exists in the OpenOffice.Org system, but compatibility is not absolute. It is better to clarify what system is installed in the university, and make a presentation in its format, to be sure that nothing will slip. In addition, it is possible to save the presentation in a special format for demonstration: it does not require the installation of special programs on the computer on which the demonstration is performed. You can take a file with you in protection in this format, as well as in a regular, editable one, in case you notice a typo at the last moment and want to correct it.

Footnotes in the research paper

The research paper involves the active use of sources of information (rather than personal research and conclusions of the author). In order to refer to the author and not be accused of plagiarism, you need to correctly make footnotes in the research paper.

In what cases do you need footnotes in the research paper

A study of examples of student work shows that footnotes are not always used in essays. It is necessary to use “bibliographic references”, and their type is at the discretion of the university (or the author). Bibliographic references are:

In-text, which are placed inside the text of the document.
Subscripts that are located at the bottom of the page (they are called footnotes).
Endnotes, which are placed in special callouts.

Often in manuals require the use of in-text links. Footnotes are issued only if your department prefers this option.

The footnotes in the research paper are drawn up not in arbitrary places, but after citation. Quotes can be classified for various reasons:

By appointment:

Quotes with subsequent author interpretation.

Quotations cited as confirmation or as a complement to their own reasoning.

In appearance:

Direct – the author’s words are reproduced verbatim.

Indirect – the thought is paraphrased by the author of the research paper.

After direct quotes, the link is required (and such a quote is enclosed in quotation marks). After indirect – it depends on the depth of processing of the material and the well-known facts.

How to draw up footnotes in the research paper

Footnote registration rules:

After the quotation, a small number is placed at the top (footnote number), and at the bottom of the page, under the separating line, this number is repeated with a “decryption” (source description).
The source description is made according to a scheme similar to the description scheme in the list of references, but there are differences. The list of described elements is the same, but not all are allowed in footnotes, omitting part of the information. It is necessary to indicate the author, title, place and year of publication – and information about the publisher, the volume of the document, series, etc. can be omitted. In the footnote, it is necessary to indicate the page in the document from which the information was taken so that the incredulous reader could easily find it (without re-reading the entire book).

A little differently than in the bibliographic list, punctuation marks are located in the description. Surnames of authors are not duplicated, all co-authors are indicated before the title.

Repeated links to the same source may be even more concise. If the primary and secondary links are arranged in succession on the same page, the words “Ibid.” Are written in the repeated instead of a full description. If the source is the same and the page is different, the page number is indicated: “Ibid. S. 190. ”

How to make footnotes in the research paper

MS Word in its composition has tools that solve for the author the problem of how to make footnotes in the research paper. For example, in the 2016 version, on the “Links” tab there is a special button – “Insert footnote”.

Using it is very simple:

Set the cursor after the quote – to the place where the footnote should be.
Click “Insert Footnote.”
A footnote is automatically inserted, the cursor itself moves to the description input field.

If you wish, you can configure whether footnotes will be numbered anew on each page or continue throughout the document (on the first page 1, 2, on the second one, either starting from 1, or starting from 3).

By default, footnotes are made in 10 fonts (the same typeface as the main text). This is a standard requirement, but if necessary, the font size and typeface can be changed.

Research methods in the thesis

When you write the introduction of the thesis, you have many tasks. Developing your own methodological base is one of them. It is necessary in order to demonstrate what research methods you used as you wrote your thesis. To write a thesis, the student often lacks the list of empirical and theoretical methods that already exist, and you have to develop your own. This is a rather complicated process, so sometimes it’s easier to just order a thesis from us. Unlike agencies, we do not use intermediaries, therefore prices are much lower.

In order to proceed to the classification of scientific research methods, you must first understand what it is. The scientific method is a set of basic ways of obtaining new knowledge and methods for solving problems in any science. The method includes methods for studying phenomena, systematization, adjustment of new and previously acquired knowledge.

Classification methods

All methods can be divided into two types: special and general scientific. Specials are used only in a particular field of science and are not applied to others. General scientific are subdivided into 3 types: theoretical, experimental and theoretical-empirical, which combine the features of theoretical and experimental methods. These methods are mainly used when writing the practical part of the thesis.

Theoretical methods:

The method of ascent from the abstract to the concrete (the object of study is conventionally divided into many parts, analyzed, and then assembled back, according to the results of the analysis);
The method of idealization (used to simplify complex tasks; objects are created for it that do not exist in reality);
Method of formalization (used to display information in symbolic form).

Experimental methods:

Method of observation;
Experiment;
Comparison;
Simulation (building a model of the object, which is investigated).

Empirical-theoretical methods:

Method of abstraction;
Deduction method (from general to specific);
Method of induction (from the particular to the general).

Plan of writing a thesis

The thesis plan for the 2019 academic year must comply with certain requirements. Specific criteria are established by the graduating department, and the general requirements are formulated in the state standard.

Thesis structure

The thesis should contain a set of mandatory elements that set the basic requirements for the plan of its writing. A typical thesis consists of:

Title page.
Introductions.
The main part is divided into chapters.
Conclusions
List of used sources.
Of applications.

The structure of the final qualifying work as a whole does not differ from the structure of other scientific and educational works (which is regulated at the state level), it should only be borne in mind that each part should be quite bulky (the total size of the thesis is about 50-90 pages depending on the specialty and education levels – bachelors write more concise work than masters).

How to make a plan of the thesis

The plan of the thesis is drawn up immediately after the approval of the topic and serves as a kind of target guideline, which generally should be the result. Based on the plan, literary sources are selected, developments and experiments are planned. This allows us not to cover too wide an area, but to build a logical coherent study.

Writing a plan at the very beginning of work on a thesis has a drawback – the student does not know the subject very well (he is just starting to explore it), he does not know which aspects are most important and interesting. In this regard, you can give some tips:

Do not forget about your graduate leader. It is not prescribed for purely nominal mention on the title page. A graduate leader with much more experience can help to write a thesis plan correctly, choosing the most promising areas of research.
Most of the topics offered at universities are repeated (with minor changes) from year to year. You can search for work graduates of past years and look at their plan. You should not engage in direct plagiarism, but it is quite advisable to use other people’s work as a guideline. You cannot be limited to theses – course and dissertation will do.
It does not always work out from the first attempt to correctly draw up a plan for a thesis. There is nothing terrible in the changes: the plan is not approved anywhere, everything is in your hands (you just have to remember to coordinate the changes with the manager so that there are no unpleasant surprises for him).

How to formulate points for a thesis plan

There are a lot of examples of theses on the Internet, but far from all the plans are formulated successfully. It may be useful to study the names of paragraphs in serious scientific literature, or at least in textbooks – they give an idea of how the headlines should sound.

Among the general requirements, we note:

No title should repeat the theme of the thesis.

Example 1

If you are writing on the topic “Improving the efficiency of use of working capital”, then the first chapter can be devoted to theoretical aspects of assessing the efficiency of using working capital, the second – analyzing the current state of the situation in the enterprise, and the third – developing a project for improvement. It looks very tempting to call the third chapter the same as the theme sounds – but then a natural question arises as to why we need the first two chapters at all.

Headings should not be interrogative sentences.

Example 2

It is impossible to name the clause: “How is the accounting organized in the enterprise?”, We need to reformulate this question – for example: “The organization of accounting in the enterprise”. Question headers are valid only for journalism.

All titles should be designed in a scientific style, without the use of colloquial vocabulary.

Methodology of a dissertation

A dissertation is a long, painstaking job that requires a maximum of time and effort, so it is not the most pleasant thing to rework it several times. To avoid this, you can contact us. Authors on our exchange will begin to respond to your application within ten minutes after publication, and then you will only have to choose the right one. The second way is to make a clear plan of work on the dissertation and strictly follow it. To do this, read on.

Moral training

So, you have chosen a topic, coordinated it with a supervisor. Now you need to adjust yourself to work. Make an approximate work schedule: on this day I have to do it, on the next, etc. After that, you just have to blindly follow the schedule.

Drawing up a final plan

The schedule you made, now you need to make a dissertation plan. It is necessary to determine the structure of the dissertation, the titles of chapters and paragraphs, what applications will be, etc. After that, do not rush to start working. Be sure to meet with the supervisor to approve the plan. If he doesn’t like it, he will help you. Then you will have the final plan of the thesis, which means half the work is done!

Writing a dissertation

Oddly enough, but this is not the most difficult part. You will need a lot of time to gather information, analyze, select and present it. After that, you must set out the research part (and for this you must first conduct a study). And finally, to summarize and draw conclusions. Dissertation is ready!

Defense of the thesis

This is the most interesting. It seems that everything is already behind and the dissertation is ready, but it was not there. Members of the state attestation commission will not read your work completely, so they need to talk about it briefly, and also so that they are interested and entertained a little. There will be useful oratorical skills.

Coursework plan

As usually write coursework? In the best case, the work leaves a month before delivery, or even a couple of days. In this scenario, it is most logical to find the right specialist, who are many on our website and order work from him. We guarantee that the course will be delivered on time and, in addition, we give you 20 days so that you can read it and, if necessary, send it back for revision. Only after that the author will receive money for the order. But if this is not for you, then you can create a work plan that will help organize time and reduce the expenditure of energy.

In fact, a course plan is a description of its logical structure. In it paint important and not so questions, various classifications and divisions. When writing a plan, you need to clearly define how many and what chapters there will be, into how many sub-chapters they will be divided, describe what you need to say in them. The easiest way to number them is to help with the analysis of sources.

Rules when making a plan:

Following logic is one of the requirements for course work. It is necessary to ensure that the sections are interconnected and smoothly flow from one to another.
The title of the section should clearly correspond to its content. There should not be the same or similar section titles.
The name of the section or subsection should consist of one sentence. Not a few.

In conclusion, it is necessary to prescribe the conclusions to which the student came while he was writing a coursework. It will be easier if you make mini-conclusions at the end of each section. And the very conclusion to form one of them.

Sample course plan:

Introduction (relevance of the topic, subject and object of research, goal and objectives)
Chapter 1 (the title includes the basic terms of the course topic. This includes an overview of the sources on the topic. As well as an explanation of all the necessary terms)
- 1 (concept of the object under study)
- 2 (classifications)
- 3 (historical right)
CHAPTER 2 (the name includes an indication of the object and subject of study)
- 1 (compilation of analysis methodology)
- 2 (object analysis)
CONCLUSION (research findings)

Conclusion of the coursework

The process of writing a coursework concludes. This decisive step must be approached with all the responsibility, because it is by the conclusion that the teacher judges how the goal of the work has been achieved and its tasks have been solved.

The role of the conclusion of the course project

All coursework is written for the sake of the conclusions contained in the report. Conclusion from this point of view is a kind of report on the work done, because in the introduction the student must set goals for which movement takes place by solving the tasks set throughout the study. When the work is written, it is necessary to summarize, summarize what happened to achieve and what is not. You can identify and prospects for further research, the possibility of development of the topic.

When deciding what to write at the conclusion of a coursework, imagine that the reader will become familiar only with this part of your research. He must understand why the study was conducted, how it was carried out (what methods were used), what results were obtained. Therefore, it is important to keep a balance: on the one hand, do not make the conclusion too short (so as not to miss important results), and on the other hand, do not copy unnecessary details into conclusion.

Definition 1

The conclusion is the drawing up into a whole of the conclusions made earlier.

Example 1

In the conclusion such stamps can be used: “so”, “in this way”, “summing up”, “on the basis of the experiment performed”.

The conclusion should be organically linked with all the work, not to look alien. A smooth transition is achieved using the same stylistics as in the main part, and essentially the same content – only compressed.

The structure of the conclusion of the course work

The conclusion is a general result, a section in which the author’s opinion on all the issues considered is presented, the advantages and disadvantages of the used (and rejected) methods are revealed, and ways of solving the problems of the subject area are suggested.

Consider what should be in the conclusion of the course:

Begins the correct conclusion in the course work with the justification of the relevance of the topic.

Next, write the conclusions for the course work – in the order followed by chapters and paragraphs.

In the end – an assessment of the solution of the tasks that were set in the introduction.

Example 2

An example of how to start writing a coursework report (the theme of the work is “The role and importance of the budget in the financial system of a state”): “The structure and content of a country’s financial system is largely determined by the dominant economic system”.

After the introductory phrase, you can write a conclusion made in the first paragraph of the course work.

Example 3

For example: “The United States currently has a mixed form economic system. It combines the features of a free market and centralized managed economy. This also determines the structure of the financial system, in which two blocks can be distinguished: public finance (state and municipal – centralized finance) and finance of business entities (decentralized finance)”.

The following are the conclusions on the remaining sections of the course work. The form and order of the conclusion should correspond to the structure of the main part of the work.

Example 4

The last phrase in the conclusion of the course work can be a cliché: “Thus, all the tasks were solved, the goal is achieved” – in the event that the problems were really solved. If some problems could not be solved, it should be explained what caused the failure.

How to write a conclusion in coursework

Before you write the conclusion in the course, you need to complete the course itself.

Example 5

An example of a problem faced by students who do not comply with this simple rule: the manager makes changes to the text of the work (finding inaccuracy, outdated data, or simply pointing to the need to consider some other aspect of the topic), after which you have to rewrite a substantial part of the conclusion. To avoid double work, it is better to first verify the entire text, and only then deal with the conclusion.

If you are going to write the first in your life coursework, do not neglect the opportunity to learn examples of writing the conclusion of a coursework. The main thing is to choose worthy samples so as not to copy other people’s mistakes into your work.

There is nothing wrong with asking a manager how to write a conclusion in coursework. If he has already read the main part of your research, he will be able to help highlight the main thing – those conclusions that it is advisable to draw into the conclusion of the course work, or at least give a sample.

Examples of errors writing a conclusion on the course work

When writing a conclusion, the following common mistakes should be avoided:

The use of first person singular pronouns.

Example 6

It is unacceptable to write: “I made a conclusion”, “I calculated”, “I learned”. This disrespect for the supervisor – any course work is a joint work of the student and teacher (even if in fact he almost did not participate). The pronoun “we” is permissible, but not recommended. You can write in the conclusion of a coursework impersonal sentences: “Conclusions were made”, “It was established.”

A lot of extra information. In conclusion, there should be only well-formulated basic conclusions from paragraphs.

Missing important information. For each paragraph there should be basic information – otherwise it turns out that you wrote this paragraph in vain without drawing any conclusions from it. In some universities, it is required to indicate directly in the conclusion to which structural part the output relates.

Example 7

An example of writing an opinion on coursework with such restrictions: production.

The lack of consistency and connection with the introduction. In the introduction, tasks, goals, and a hypothesis are set, therefore, all these parameters should be repeated in conclusion, without missing a single item, and making conclusions. Even if some task was not considered (this happens if there is not enough research on this issue), then this should also be indicated in conclusion by explaining the reason. The introduction can be used as a template for writing a conclusion.